GNUR 294 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE / GNUR294 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE:NEWEST-2022

GNUR 294 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE

Module 14 Part 1

1.1 Pharmacotherapy of the Endocrine System Part 1: Diabetes




Notes:




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,1.2 Diabetes




Notes: prefer glucose 60-100

Pancreas releases insulin from beta and glucagon from alpha

Increased blood glucose leads to release of insulin, which makes the glucose go into the cells
and the remainder goes to liver to convert to glycogen and stored. This decreases the blood
glucose

With low blood glucose, pancreas releases glucagon which stimulated the liver to break down
glycogen stores in the process of glycogenolysis to glucose. This increases the blood glucose




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,1.3 Forms of Diabetes




Notes: gestational- treated with insulin, because oral medications are teratogens with
unknown effects. Insulin is safer

Secondary- pt has abnormal levels of glucocorticoids in form of cortisol which will lead to an
increase in glucose levels in the bloodstream




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, 1.4 Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes




Notes:

 T1- autoimmune triggered by viral infections, caused by near total destruction of beta
cells within the pancreas.
o This leads to a lack of sufficient insulin
o Takes 6-7 months for complete destruction- may not have symptoms until
completely stops producing insulin
o Quick increase in glucose levels
o Usually children, young adults, usually younger than 35 years old
o Underweight
o Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss
o Acts as osmotic diuretic, hypertonic
 Pulls fluid from tissues
 Leads to significant diuresis
 Pt is hypovolemic
o Cells break down fatty acids




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