Biology 1070 Midterm 1 Review
Biosphere: regions of the earth's crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living things
Ecosystem: a community + the physical environment
Community: interacting populations
Population: organisms of the same species
Organism: a complex individual composed of organ system
Organ System: composed of several organs working together
Organ: composed of tissues functioning to achieve a common function
Tissues: a group of cells with a common structure and function
Cells: composed of many molecules; structural and functional unit of all living things
Atom: smallest unit of an element composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons
What is Evolution?
decent with modification (lineage with change)
every generation has a new generation and natural selection, automatic creations of new
types and the environment weed out the ones that cannot survive
Which of the following variables is unlikely to be relevant to explain the biodiversity of
mussels in the great lakes?
a) Daily fluctuations in weather conditions
b) Ability of mussel species to disperse
c) Movement of cargo ships
d) Chemical composition of runoff from agricultural areas
e) Fishing activities by commercial and sport fishers
What is hierarchy?
an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) in which items are
represented as being "above," "below" or "at the same level" as one another
a system in which members of an organization or society are ranked according to
relative status or authority
What is nested hierarchy?
groups fit neatly and completely inside other higher groups (i.e. matryoshka dolls)
aka Inclusion Hierarchy
This study source was downloaded by 100000827141222 from CourseHero.com on 02-03-2022 04:20:56 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/115725967/Biology-1070-Midterm-1-Reviewdocx/
, What is the scientific name of zebra muscles?
Dreissena polymorpha
Where are the zebra muscles native to? When and where were they first reported in
the great lakes? What might be a reason that they moved from their original habitat?
native to eastern Eurasia (black & caspian sea)
first reported in 1988 in lake st. Clair
most likely moved through ballast water of ocean liner
Stats on Native Mussel Fauna: # species of freshwater mussels? # species in north
America? Ontario?
850 species of freshwater mussels known
300+ in North America
Ontario: 41 different species, members of the unionidae family
Mussels are dioecious. what does this mean?
that they have "two halves;" separate male and female
Describe the points in the unionidae lifecycle
males release sperm into the water through exhalent
females uptake sperm through inhalent siphon (fertilization is internal)
embryos develop inside marsupium (pouches in female gills)
embryos mature to glochidia (parasitic life stage)
attaches to host fish to fully mature
adult unionid mussels exhibit adaptions to attract a host fish e.g. mantle tissue forming
"lure"
What is the marsupium on mussels?
The pouch in the female gill that contains developing embryos
What is a lure on a mussel?
A modification to the mantle tissue used to attract host fish for glochidium
What is a glochidium?
The larval form of a freshwater mussel that attaches as an external parasite to a vertebrate
host, usually a fish where it metamorphoses into a free-living juvenile mussel
Zebra mussels have a life phase that is known as obligate parasitism. What does this
mean?
It means that they cannot complete their life-cycle without exploiting a suitable host (fish)
This study source was downloaded by 100000827141222 from CourseHero.com on 02-03-2022 04:20:56 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/115725967/Biology-1070-Midterm-1-Reviewdocx/
Biosphere: regions of the earth's crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living things
Ecosystem: a community + the physical environment
Community: interacting populations
Population: organisms of the same species
Organism: a complex individual composed of organ system
Organ System: composed of several organs working together
Organ: composed of tissues functioning to achieve a common function
Tissues: a group of cells with a common structure and function
Cells: composed of many molecules; structural and functional unit of all living things
Atom: smallest unit of an element composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons
What is Evolution?
decent with modification (lineage with change)
every generation has a new generation and natural selection, automatic creations of new
types and the environment weed out the ones that cannot survive
Which of the following variables is unlikely to be relevant to explain the biodiversity of
mussels in the great lakes?
a) Daily fluctuations in weather conditions
b) Ability of mussel species to disperse
c) Movement of cargo ships
d) Chemical composition of runoff from agricultural areas
e) Fishing activities by commercial and sport fishers
What is hierarchy?
an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) in which items are
represented as being "above," "below" or "at the same level" as one another
a system in which members of an organization or society are ranked according to
relative status or authority
What is nested hierarchy?
groups fit neatly and completely inside other higher groups (i.e. matryoshka dolls)
aka Inclusion Hierarchy
This study source was downloaded by 100000827141222 from CourseHero.com on 02-03-2022 04:20:56 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/115725967/Biology-1070-Midterm-1-Reviewdocx/
, What is the scientific name of zebra muscles?
Dreissena polymorpha
Where are the zebra muscles native to? When and where were they first reported in
the great lakes? What might be a reason that they moved from their original habitat?
native to eastern Eurasia (black & caspian sea)
first reported in 1988 in lake st. Clair
most likely moved through ballast water of ocean liner
Stats on Native Mussel Fauna: # species of freshwater mussels? # species in north
America? Ontario?
850 species of freshwater mussels known
300+ in North America
Ontario: 41 different species, members of the unionidae family
Mussels are dioecious. what does this mean?
that they have "two halves;" separate male and female
Describe the points in the unionidae lifecycle
males release sperm into the water through exhalent
females uptake sperm through inhalent siphon (fertilization is internal)
embryos develop inside marsupium (pouches in female gills)
embryos mature to glochidia (parasitic life stage)
attaches to host fish to fully mature
adult unionid mussels exhibit adaptions to attract a host fish e.g. mantle tissue forming
"lure"
What is the marsupium on mussels?
The pouch in the female gill that contains developing embryos
What is a lure on a mussel?
A modification to the mantle tissue used to attract host fish for glochidium
What is a glochidium?
The larval form of a freshwater mussel that attaches as an external parasite to a vertebrate
host, usually a fish where it metamorphoses into a free-living juvenile mussel
Zebra mussels have a life phase that is known as obligate parasitism. What does this
mean?
It means that they cannot complete their life-cycle without exploiting a suitable host (fish)
This study source was downloaded by 100000827141222 from CourseHero.com on 02-03-2022 04:20:56 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/115725967/Biology-1070-Midterm-1-Reviewdocx/
