NR 222 Units 3, 4, and 5 Concept Review
I I I I I I I I
Guidelines:
1. This Ilists Imany Iof Ithe Iimportant Iconcepts Icovered Iin Ithe Inext Ithree Iunits Iof Ithe
Icourse.
2. Use Ithis Ito Iguide Iyour Istudy Iof Ithese Iconcepts Ithat Iare Iimportant Ito Iclinical Ipractice.
3. Remember Ithat Icontent Iin Iall Ichapters Iassigned Ito Ithese Iunits Iis Iimportant Ias Iwell Ias
Iall Icontent Icovered Iin Iclass.
Concepts:
● Theoretical IModels: IKnow Ithe Icomponents Iof Ieach Imodel Iand Ibe Iable Ito Iapply Ito
Iexamples Iillustrating Icultural, Ifamily, Iteaching Iand Ilearning, Iand Itherapeutic
Icommunication Iprinciples
○ The ITranstheoretical Imodel
■ Stages Iof IChange
● (Behavior Iintentions) IPrecontemplation, Icontemplation,
Ipreparation, I(Behavior) Iaction, Imaintenance, Itermination
■ Processes Iof IChange
● Conscious Iraising
● Social Iliberation
● Emotional Iarousal
● Self-reevaluation
● Commitment
● Reward
● Countering
● Environmental Icontrol
● Helping Irelationships
○ The IHealth IBelief Imodel
■ Demographic Ivariables
● Age, Igender, Irace, Iethnicity
■ Socio IPsychological Ivariables
● Personality, Isocial Iclass, Ipeer Igroup Ipressure, Ireference Igroup
Ipressure
○ The IEcological IModel Iof IHealth
■ Promotes Ihealth Ibased Ion Ilevels Iof Iinfluence
● Individual: Iknowledge, Iattitudes, Iskills
● Interpersonal: Ifamily. IFriends, Isocial Inetworks
● Organizational: Iorganizations Iand Isocial Iinstitutions
● Community: Irelationship Iamong Iorganizations
● Public IPolicy: INational, Istate, Ilocal Ilaws
,○ The IPender’s IHealth IPromotion Imodel
■ Trajectory Iof Icompetence Iin Inursing Ipractice
● Novice
● Advanced Ibeginner
● Competent
● Proficient
● Expert
○ The Iclinical Imodel
■ Defined Iby Iabsence Iof Isigns Ior Isymptoms Iof Idisease Ior Iillnesses I;
Iprevention Inot Iemphasized
○ The Irole Iperformance Imodel
■ Defined Iby Iability Ito Ifulfill Irole
■ Critical Iin Iemployment, Ischool, Imental, Ior Iphysiological Ichange
○ The Iadaptive Imodel
■ Defined Iby Iability Ito Iadjust Ito Isocial, Imental, Ior Iphysiological Ichange
○ The Ieudaimonistic Imodel
■ Meaning Iis Iachieved Irelated Ito Imeeting Iphysical, Isocial, Ipsychological,
Iand Ienvironmental Igoals
○ The IHolistic Ihealthcare Imodel
■ All Icomponents Iof Ian Iindividual Iare Iconsidered
○ Social ICognitive/Learning Itheory I(self-efficacy): Iinternal Iand Iexternal Ilocus Iof
Icontrol
■ Internal Ilocus Iof Icontrol
● People Iwith Ithis Ibelieve Ithey Iare Iin Icontrol Iof Iwhat Ihappens Ito
Ithem Iand Ito Icontrol Isuccess Iin Itheir Ilife
■ External Ilocus Iof Icontrol
● Where Ithe Iperson Ibelieves Ithat Ithey Ihave Ilittle Ior Ino Icontrol Iover
Iwhat Ihappens Ito Ithem Iand Iregards Isuccess Idue Ito Iexternal,
Iuncontrollable Ievents
○ Maslow’s IHierarchy Iof INeeds
■ Physiological Ineeds I(food, Ishelter, Iwater, Isleep)
■ Safety Iand Isecurity I(of Ibody, Iemployment, Iresources, Imorality, Ihealth,
Ifamily)
■ Love Iand Isense Iof Ibelonging I(friendship, Ifamily, Isexual Iintimacy)
■ Self Iesteem I(self-esteem, Iconfidence, Iachievement, Irespect Ifrom/by
Iothers)
■ Self Iactualization I(morality, Icreativity, Ispontaneity, Iproblem Isolving, Ilack
Iof Iprejudice, Iacceptance Iof Ifacts)
○ Circular ITransactional IModel Iof Icommunication
■ Elements
● Referent
● Sender Iand Ireceiver
● Message
, ● Channels
● Context Ior Ienvironment Iin Iwhich Ithe Icommunication Iprocess
Ioccurs
● Feedback
● Interpersonal Ivariables
■ Referent
● Factor Ithat Imotivates Ia Iperson Ito Icommunicate Iwith Ianother
Iindividual.
■ Sender
● Person Iwho Iinitiates Iinterpersonal Icommunication Iby Iconveying Ia
Imessage.
■ Receiver
● Person Ito Iwhom Imessage Iis Isent Iduring Ithe Icommunication
Iprocess.
■ Message
● Information Isent Ior Iexpressed Iby Isender Iin Ithe Icommunication
Iprocess.
■ Channel
● Method Iused Iin Ithe Iteaching-learning Iprocess Ito Ipresent Icontent
I(visual, Iauditory, Itaste, Ismell)
● Communication Iprocess Ia Imethod Iused Ito Itransmit Ia Imessage
I(visual, Iauditory, Itouch)
■ Feedback
● The Imessage Ia Ireceiver Ireceives Ifrom Ithe Isender
● Nursing IProcess: IRecognize Ithe Isteps Iof I the Inursing Iprocess Iusing Iexamples Iof
Icultural, Ifamily, Iteaching Iand Ilearning, Iand Itherapeutic Icommunication Isituations.
○ Assessment
■ Gather Iinfo Iabout Ithe Ipatient's Icondition
○ Nursing Idiagnosis
■ Identifying Ithe Ipatient’s Iproblem
○ Planning
■ Set Igoals Iof Icare Iand Idesired Ioutcomes Iand Iidentify Iappropriate Inursing
Iactions
○ Implementing
■ Perform Ithe Inursing Iactions Iidentified Iin Iplanning
○ Evaluating
■ Determine Iif Igoals Imet Iand Ioutcomes Iachieved
● What Iare Ithe Isocial Ideterminants Iof Ihealth Icare?
○ Socioeconomic Ifactors I40% I(education, Ijob Istatus, Ifamily/social Isupport, Iincome,
Icommunity Isafety)
○ Physical Ienvironment I10%
○ Health Ibehaviors I30% I(tobacco Iuse, Idiet/exercise, Ialcohol Iuse, Isexual Iactivity
○ Health Icare I20% I(access Ito Icare/quality Iof Icare)
I I I I I I I I
Guidelines:
1. This Ilists Imany Iof Ithe Iimportant Iconcepts Icovered Iin Ithe Inext Ithree Iunits Iof Ithe
Icourse.
2. Use Ithis Ito Iguide Iyour Istudy Iof Ithese Iconcepts Ithat Iare Iimportant Ito Iclinical Ipractice.
3. Remember Ithat Icontent Iin Iall Ichapters Iassigned Ito Ithese Iunits Iis Iimportant Ias Iwell Ias
Iall Icontent Icovered Iin Iclass.
Concepts:
● Theoretical IModels: IKnow Ithe Icomponents Iof Ieach Imodel Iand Ibe Iable Ito Iapply Ito
Iexamples Iillustrating Icultural, Ifamily, Iteaching Iand Ilearning, Iand Itherapeutic
Icommunication Iprinciples
○ The ITranstheoretical Imodel
■ Stages Iof IChange
● (Behavior Iintentions) IPrecontemplation, Icontemplation,
Ipreparation, I(Behavior) Iaction, Imaintenance, Itermination
■ Processes Iof IChange
● Conscious Iraising
● Social Iliberation
● Emotional Iarousal
● Self-reevaluation
● Commitment
● Reward
● Countering
● Environmental Icontrol
● Helping Irelationships
○ The IHealth IBelief Imodel
■ Demographic Ivariables
● Age, Igender, Irace, Iethnicity
■ Socio IPsychological Ivariables
● Personality, Isocial Iclass, Ipeer Igroup Ipressure, Ireference Igroup
Ipressure
○ The IEcological IModel Iof IHealth
■ Promotes Ihealth Ibased Ion Ilevels Iof Iinfluence
● Individual: Iknowledge, Iattitudes, Iskills
● Interpersonal: Ifamily. IFriends, Isocial Inetworks
● Organizational: Iorganizations Iand Isocial Iinstitutions
● Community: Irelationship Iamong Iorganizations
● Public IPolicy: INational, Istate, Ilocal Ilaws
,○ The IPender’s IHealth IPromotion Imodel
■ Trajectory Iof Icompetence Iin Inursing Ipractice
● Novice
● Advanced Ibeginner
● Competent
● Proficient
● Expert
○ The Iclinical Imodel
■ Defined Iby Iabsence Iof Isigns Ior Isymptoms Iof Idisease Ior Iillnesses I;
Iprevention Inot Iemphasized
○ The Irole Iperformance Imodel
■ Defined Iby Iability Ito Ifulfill Irole
■ Critical Iin Iemployment, Ischool, Imental, Ior Iphysiological Ichange
○ The Iadaptive Imodel
■ Defined Iby Iability Ito Iadjust Ito Isocial, Imental, Ior Iphysiological Ichange
○ The Ieudaimonistic Imodel
■ Meaning Iis Iachieved Irelated Ito Imeeting Iphysical, Isocial, Ipsychological,
Iand Ienvironmental Igoals
○ The IHolistic Ihealthcare Imodel
■ All Icomponents Iof Ian Iindividual Iare Iconsidered
○ Social ICognitive/Learning Itheory I(self-efficacy): Iinternal Iand Iexternal Ilocus Iof
Icontrol
■ Internal Ilocus Iof Icontrol
● People Iwith Ithis Ibelieve Ithey Iare Iin Icontrol Iof Iwhat Ihappens Ito
Ithem Iand Ito Icontrol Isuccess Iin Itheir Ilife
■ External Ilocus Iof Icontrol
● Where Ithe Iperson Ibelieves Ithat Ithey Ihave Ilittle Ior Ino Icontrol Iover
Iwhat Ihappens Ito Ithem Iand Iregards Isuccess Idue Ito Iexternal,
Iuncontrollable Ievents
○ Maslow’s IHierarchy Iof INeeds
■ Physiological Ineeds I(food, Ishelter, Iwater, Isleep)
■ Safety Iand Isecurity I(of Ibody, Iemployment, Iresources, Imorality, Ihealth,
Ifamily)
■ Love Iand Isense Iof Ibelonging I(friendship, Ifamily, Isexual Iintimacy)
■ Self Iesteem I(self-esteem, Iconfidence, Iachievement, Irespect Ifrom/by
Iothers)
■ Self Iactualization I(morality, Icreativity, Ispontaneity, Iproblem Isolving, Ilack
Iof Iprejudice, Iacceptance Iof Ifacts)
○ Circular ITransactional IModel Iof Icommunication
■ Elements
● Referent
● Sender Iand Ireceiver
● Message
, ● Channels
● Context Ior Ienvironment Iin Iwhich Ithe Icommunication Iprocess
Ioccurs
● Feedback
● Interpersonal Ivariables
■ Referent
● Factor Ithat Imotivates Ia Iperson Ito Icommunicate Iwith Ianother
Iindividual.
■ Sender
● Person Iwho Iinitiates Iinterpersonal Icommunication Iby Iconveying Ia
Imessage.
■ Receiver
● Person Ito Iwhom Imessage Iis Isent Iduring Ithe Icommunication
Iprocess.
■ Message
● Information Isent Ior Iexpressed Iby Isender Iin Ithe Icommunication
Iprocess.
■ Channel
● Method Iused Iin Ithe Iteaching-learning Iprocess Ito Ipresent Icontent
I(visual, Iauditory, Itaste, Ismell)
● Communication Iprocess Ia Imethod Iused Ito Itransmit Ia Imessage
I(visual, Iauditory, Itouch)
■ Feedback
● The Imessage Ia Ireceiver Ireceives Ifrom Ithe Isender
● Nursing IProcess: IRecognize Ithe Isteps Iof I the Inursing Iprocess Iusing Iexamples Iof
Icultural, Ifamily, Iteaching Iand Ilearning, Iand Itherapeutic Icommunication Isituations.
○ Assessment
■ Gather Iinfo Iabout Ithe Ipatient's Icondition
○ Nursing Idiagnosis
■ Identifying Ithe Ipatient’s Iproblem
○ Planning
■ Set Igoals Iof Icare Iand Idesired Ioutcomes Iand Iidentify Iappropriate Inursing
Iactions
○ Implementing
■ Perform Ithe Inursing Iactions Iidentified Iin Iplanning
○ Evaluating
■ Determine Iif Igoals Imet Iand Ioutcomes Iachieved
● What Iare Ithe Isocial Ideterminants Iof Ihealth Icare?
○ Socioeconomic Ifactors I40% I(education, Ijob Istatus, Ifamily/social Isupport, Iincome,
Icommunity Isafety)
○ Physical Ienvironment I10%
○ Health Ibehaviors I30% I(tobacco Iuse, Idiet/exercise, Ialcohol Iuse, Isexual Iactivity
○ Health Icare I20% I(access Ito Icare/quality Iof Icare)
