Unit 2 assignment 3
1a) How the parts of a Bunsen burner should be checked and maintained: no blockages, make
sure it’s clean and without damage, no leakages in gas pipes etc. Rubber tubing which
connects to gas tap needs to be checked for holes in rubber which could lead to leakage of gas.
1b) A Bunsen burner needs to be serviced regularly as it involves gas, fire and a gas pipe
providing us with gas. If there is a blockage in the pipe, there could be explosions.
2a) There are 4 stages required to set up a burette accurately, these are:
● Stage 1 = Put distilled water into the burette and the liquid that you will be using inside.
● Stage 2 = Roll the burette which coats it in the substance you are using, removing any
other substances.
● Stage 3 = Roll it over and tip over so the whole burette is coated and cleaned.
● Stage 4 = Open tap and let it out of the bottom.
2b) On the burette the volume reads 6.62, because the volume has to be read from the bottom
of the meniscus. A meniscus forms due to surface tension in the liquid - It must be read at eye
level for accurate results. To help gain an accurate value, get a ruler and draw a line at the
bottom of the meniscus.
2c) Stages must be followed when a burette is used to make sure it is clean and provide
accurate titration values. This avoids inaccuracy results from mixed liquids and diluting the
liquid. The meniscus must be read at the bottom of the curve, at eye level, so that measurement
volumes are precise.
3a) How to calibrate a colorimeter for a colorless solution:
● Take 2 test tubes and label them 1 and 2
● Pipette distilled water into tube 1 and the same volume of a coloured solution into tube 2
● Put a sample from test tube 1 into cuvette 1
● Put into the colorimeter
● Turn dial to 0 (make sure you are accurate and precise)
● Change cuvette with solution from test tube 2 and read value of absorbance
● Repeat for filters
3b) To recognise the correct wavelength filter, ensure to use a solution of 100% Eosin. Next,
record measurements according to the absorbance ratein the table. Then, place the filter in the
colorimeter and record the wavelength. The wavelength filter which gives the best absorbance
is best to use, for example - from my results I can see that this would be 470 lamba.
3c) The reason both procedures are carried out is because you have to find out what the
reference value at 0 is before you find the value of the unknown as you need something to
compare it to. It is impossible to find these results out without having a known value. Equipment
should be maintained and checked regularly to avoid errors. Filters in the colorimeter are used
to select the wavelength which is the most absorbent for higher accuracy.
, Unit 2 assignment 3
4a) Dessicator which dries things out. It is an enclosure, sealed with vaseline that can protect
chemicals at risk of reacting with the water in the air (humidity). It can dry out a solid substance
because it maintains a low humidity - this occurs via separation. The desiccant is filled with
anhydrous calcium chloride combined with blue indicating dendrite which will switch to pink
when hydrated. It will need to be left overnight in order to dry out.
4b) Drying out solids will be needed for selling packages and transporting them in order to
lengthen the products life and materials can be preserved. For example, when shipping items
they will be lighter dried out as water weighs them down.
5a) Beta emitter is an emitter which gives out beta gamma radiation. It is stopped by a thin strip
of aluminium a meter away, therefore putting aluminium in front would block it. Don’t have the
beta emitter facing you - turn it around. Additionally, covering yourself with heavy clothing will
help protect against beta-emitters. Dispose of waste in regulation of COSHH, which typically is
kept under water for at least 5 years and then is often put in dry storage.
5b) People who monitor radiation levels have a badge, making them easily noticeable and
approachable. The health of the workers are protected by reducing time spent exposed, as well
as coating/shielding with aluminium etc, dependant on the radiation type.
5c) Procedures are followed in order to provide a uniform idea for everyone to follow and so
that everyone and the lab is safe. Without procedures, there would be no protection for staff nor
the environment, for example disposal of chemicals - without having a procedure for it, there
would be risk of toxic fumes inhaled by staff members. Set methods of working are effective
because they are clear and precise for staff to follow step by step. It is important to monitor the
health of individuals to make sure everyone is fit enough to be working within the lab, and this is
followed as part of protocol. Radiation can cause many diseases and so is important to be
checked regularly.
6) The piece of equipment is a Winchester Carrier which holds the winchester bottles,
preventing bottles from being dropped and spilled everywhere. It should be used for safety
reasons.
7a)
a) The fume hood should not have any storage boxes inside or any objects, boxes etc
because they will interfere with airflow and so will block toxic fumes from ventilating.
Therefore the fume hood is being used incorrectly.
b) The window sash of the fume hood should be kept lower because if there was an
explosion or toxic fumes released then there is a protective barrier to shield it. This
makes a safety hazard, although she is wearing appropriate equipment and keeping a
good clear space in the hood. Also has no obstruction of airflow.
1a) How the parts of a Bunsen burner should be checked and maintained: no blockages, make
sure it’s clean and without damage, no leakages in gas pipes etc. Rubber tubing which
connects to gas tap needs to be checked for holes in rubber which could lead to leakage of gas.
1b) A Bunsen burner needs to be serviced regularly as it involves gas, fire and a gas pipe
providing us with gas. If there is a blockage in the pipe, there could be explosions.
2a) There are 4 stages required to set up a burette accurately, these are:
● Stage 1 = Put distilled water into the burette and the liquid that you will be using inside.
● Stage 2 = Roll the burette which coats it in the substance you are using, removing any
other substances.
● Stage 3 = Roll it over and tip over so the whole burette is coated and cleaned.
● Stage 4 = Open tap and let it out of the bottom.
2b) On the burette the volume reads 6.62, because the volume has to be read from the bottom
of the meniscus. A meniscus forms due to surface tension in the liquid - It must be read at eye
level for accurate results. To help gain an accurate value, get a ruler and draw a line at the
bottom of the meniscus.
2c) Stages must be followed when a burette is used to make sure it is clean and provide
accurate titration values. This avoids inaccuracy results from mixed liquids and diluting the
liquid. The meniscus must be read at the bottom of the curve, at eye level, so that measurement
volumes are precise.
3a) How to calibrate a colorimeter for a colorless solution:
● Take 2 test tubes and label them 1 and 2
● Pipette distilled water into tube 1 and the same volume of a coloured solution into tube 2
● Put a sample from test tube 1 into cuvette 1
● Put into the colorimeter
● Turn dial to 0 (make sure you are accurate and precise)
● Change cuvette with solution from test tube 2 and read value of absorbance
● Repeat for filters
3b) To recognise the correct wavelength filter, ensure to use a solution of 100% Eosin. Next,
record measurements according to the absorbance ratein the table. Then, place the filter in the
colorimeter and record the wavelength. The wavelength filter which gives the best absorbance
is best to use, for example - from my results I can see that this would be 470 lamba.
3c) The reason both procedures are carried out is because you have to find out what the
reference value at 0 is before you find the value of the unknown as you need something to
compare it to. It is impossible to find these results out without having a known value. Equipment
should be maintained and checked regularly to avoid errors. Filters in the colorimeter are used
to select the wavelength which is the most absorbent for higher accuracy.
, Unit 2 assignment 3
4a) Dessicator which dries things out. It is an enclosure, sealed with vaseline that can protect
chemicals at risk of reacting with the water in the air (humidity). It can dry out a solid substance
because it maintains a low humidity - this occurs via separation. The desiccant is filled with
anhydrous calcium chloride combined with blue indicating dendrite which will switch to pink
when hydrated. It will need to be left overnight in order to dry out.
4b) Drying out solids will be needed for selling packages and transporting them in order to
lengthen the products life and materials can be preserved. For example, when shipping items
they will be lighter dried out as water weighs them down.
5a) Beta emitter is an emitter which gives out beta gamma radiation. It is stopped by a thin strip
of aluminium a meter away, therefore putting aluminium in front would block it. Don’t have the
beta emitter facing you - turn it around. Additionally, covering yourself with heavy clothing will
help protect against beta-emitters. Dispose of waste in regulation of COSHH, which typically is
kept under water for at least 5 years and then is often put in dry storage.
5b) People who monitor radiation levels have a badge, making them easily noticeable and
approachable. The health of the workers are protected by reducing time spent exposed, as well
as coating/shielding with aluminium etc, dependant on the radiation type.
5c) Procedures are followed in order to provide a uniform idea for everyone to follow and so
that everyone and the lab is safe. Without procedures, there would be no protection for staff nor
the environment, for example disposal of chemicals - without having a procedure for it, there
would be risk of toxic fumes inhaled by staff members. Set methods of working are effective
because they are clear and precise for staff to follow step by step. It is important to monitor the
health of individuals to make sure everyone is fit enough to be working within the lab, and this is
followed as part of protocol. Radiation can cause many diseases and so is important to be
checked regularly.
6) The piece of equipment is a Winchester Carrier which holds the winchester bottles,
preventing bottles from being dropped and spilled everywhere. It should be used for safety
reasons.
7a)
a) The fume hood should not have any storage boxes inside or any objects, boxes etc
because they will interfere with airflow and so will block toxic fumes from ventilating.
Therefore the fume hood is being used incorrectly.
b) The window sash of the fume hood should be kept lower because if there was an
explosion or toxic fumes released then there is a protective barrier to shield it. This
makes a safety hazard, although she is wearing appropriate equipment and keeping a
good clear space in the hood. Also has no obstruction of airflow.
