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Chapter 02
The Molecules of Cells




Multiple Choice Questions


1. If an element has an atomic number of 12, how many electrons are in its outermost shell?
A. 1
B. 10
C. 8
D. 2
E. 12

Two electrons fill the innermost shell and eight fill the next, leaving two for the outermost
shell.



Bloom's Level: Apply
Figure: 2.06
Learning Outcome: 2.01.02
Section: 2.01
Topic: Chemistry




2-1

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2. If an element has an atomic number of 15, then
A. the atomic mass must also be 15.
B. the atom has 15 electrons.
C. there are 7 electrons in the outermost shell.
D. the atom has 15 neutrons.
E. the atom must have only one orbital.

In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons (the atomic number) is the same as the
number of electrons. The atom would need three orbitals to accomodate 15 electrons, and
there would be 5 electrons in its outermost shell. The atomic mass includes the protons and
the neutrons; the number of neutrons is not specified in this question.



Bloom's Level: Apply
Figure: 2.02
Figure: 2.06
Learning Outcome: 2.01.02
Section: 2.01
Topic: Chemistry




2-2

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3. The chemical reactivity of an element is dependent on
A. the number of protons.
B. the arrangement of neutrons.
C. the number of electrons in the outermost shell.
D. the number of protons and neutrons.
E. the number of electrons in the inner shell.

It is the outermost shell of an atom that can potentially react with electrons in the outermost
shells of other atoms. The protons and neutrons remain in the nucleus and do not engage in
chemical reactions.



Bloom's Level: Remember
Learning Outcome: 2.01.02
Section: 2.01
Topic: Chemistry



4. The atomic mass of an element
A. is determined by its protons and neutrons.
B. equals the number of protons plus the number of electrons.
C. equals the number of neutrons.
D. changes after each reaction.
E. depends on the number of electrons in the outermost shell.

The atomic mass is essentially the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus; it is not
changed by chemical reactions. The mass of electrons is negligible.



Bloom's Level: Remember
Figure: 2.02
Learning Outcome: 2.01.02
Section: 2.01
Topic: Chemistry




2-3

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5. The nucleus of an atom contains
A. neutrons and electrons.
B. electrons only.
C. protons, neutrons, and electrons.
D. protons and neutrons.
E. neutrons only.

The nucleus contains protons and neutrons; electrons orbit the nucleus.



Bloom's Level: Remember
Figure: 2.02
Learning Outcome: 2.01.02
Section: 2.01
Topic: Chemistry



6. Isotopes of a given element have
A. the same number of protons but differ in atomic mass.
B. the same atomic mass but different number of protons.
C. different number of electrons.
D. the same number of protons and atomic mass.
E. the same number of neutrons.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons only; thus, they
have the same atomic number but different atomic masses.



Bloom's Level: Remember
Learning Outcome: 2.01.04
Section: 2.01
Topic: Chemistry




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