September/October/November 2021
PYC4805
Developmental Psychology
75
Marks
Name :
Student number :
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
SECTION A
QUESTION A1
Children’s early experiences with caregivers shape their adult life.
ATTACHMENT RESPONSE
Attachment Theory:
Centring on the crucial importance to our species’ survival of being closely connected
with a caregiver during early childhood.
Young children separated from their mothers : Bowlby noticed that babies need to be
physically close to a caregiver during the time when they are beginning to walk
Prolonged disruptions in this biologically programmed attachment response caused
serious problems in adult life.
Impulse to be close to a “significant other” is a basic human need at every age.
Bowlby = Nature
, 2
Bowlby : argued that the attachment response is genetically programmed into our
species to promote survival.
“Nature” of human similarities
Evolutionary psychologists : look to nature, or inborn biological forces that have
evolved to promote survival, to explain how children (and adults) behave.
Evolutionary psychologists : reactions cannot be changed by modifying the reinforcers.
Evolutionary psychology : theory or worldview highlighting the role that inborn,
species-specific behaviours play in shaping behaviour.
This lacks the practical, action-oriented approach of behaviourism.
“Nature” of human differences
Behavioural genetics : research strategies devoted to examining the genetic contribution
to the differences we see among human beings.
Genetics : tendency to bite our nails, develop bipolar disorders, have specific attitudes
about life?
Principle 1 : Our nature (Genetic tendencies)
Shapes our Nurture (Life experiences)
Developmentalists understand that nature and nurture are not independent entities.
Children’s genetic tendencies shape their wider-world experiences in two ways.
Evocative forces : children’s inborn talents and temperamental tendencies evoke, or
produce certain responses from the world.
Human relationships are ; Bidirectional (you get grumpy when with a grumpy person)
Evocative forces: The nature-interacts-with-nurture principle that genetic
temperamental tendencies and predispositions evoke, or produce, certain responses from
other people.
PYC4805
Developmental Psychology
75
Marks
Name :
Student number :
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
SECTION A
QUESTION A1
Children’s early experiences with caregivers shape their adult life.
ATTACHMENT RESPONSE
Attachment Theory:
Centring on the crucial importance to our species’ survival of being closely connected
with a caregiver during early childhood.
Young children separated from their mothers : Bowlby noticed that babies need to be
physically close to a caregiver during the time when they are beginning to walk
Prolonged disruptions in this biologically programmed attachment response caused
serious problems in adult life.
Impulse to be close to a “significant other” is a basic human need at every age.
Bowlby = Nature
, 2
Bowlby : argued that the attachment response is genetically programmed into our
species to promote survival.
“Nature” of human similarities
Evolutionary psychologists : look to nature, or inborn biological forces that have
evolved to promote survival, to explain how children (and adults) behave.
Evolutionary psychologists : reactions cannot be changed by modifying the reinforcers.
Evolutionary psychology : theory or worldview highlighting the role that inborn,
species-specific behaviours play in shaping behaviour.
This lacks the practical, action-oriented approach of behaviourism.
“Nature” of human differences
Behavioural genetics : research strategies devoted to examining the genetic contribution
to the differences we see among human beings.
Genetics : tendency to bite our nails, develop bipolar disorders, have specific attitudes
about life?
Principle 1 : Our nature (Genetic tendencies)
Shapes our Nurture (Life experiences)
Developmentalists understand that nature and nurture are not independent entities.
Children’s genetic tendencies shape their wider-world experiences in two ways.
Evocative forces : children’s inborn talents and temperamental tendencies evoke, or
produce certain responses from the world.
Human relationships are ; Bidirectional (you get grumpy when with a grumpy person)
Evocative forces: The nature-interacts-with-nurture principle that genetic
temperamental tendencies and predispositions evoke, or produce, certain responses from
other people.
