Summary THEORIES CULTURAL MEDIA STUDIES

19th C - 1950's: start IR


Mass culture
Situating Britain ( > US, Europe)


Mass consumption
19th C: social change: Industrialization & Urbanization
Terminology

Mass society

Binary thinking
Mass media

Distinction culture/anarchy
Part of cultural elite

Elite minority / Mass majority
Social function: against anarchy
Culture & Civilization
Nostalgic
theory
State should claim culture Matthew Arnold

Ideological framework Top-down
Education

Conservative
Upward mobility

Negative views
Passive audience

Authors Homogenous look
Pessimistic

Leavisism No research
Nostalgia


Popular culture was dangerous
Fearful commercialization
for society, threatening the culture &
Vision
civiliza.on. It was seen as an uncontrolled
Mass culture threatens the culture Dwight McDonald form of leisure.

, Culture as experience Terminology
1960s

Uses of Literacy
UK

Situating
Defended role of working class Richard Hoggart
Shih to neo-liberalism
Culturalism
Guarded optimist
Resistance

Culture as a way of life


Community & communicatons
Reconstruct a particular way of life

Raymond Williams Authors
Ideological framework Experiences, agency & bottom-up
Critic of Leavisism


Marginalized groups
The structure of feeling



Dominant force / Force of resistance

Popular culture as a mobilizer
Culture as a mobilizer E.P. Thompson Vision

Completely different way to look at culture
Research on subcultures