Lecture 1 Introduction
Stressor or driver?
Why urban agriculture?
Urban quality of life: Maintaining and improving aspects of quality of life related to the
spatial organization of an urban region. i.e the way spatial distribution of land uses and
networks in a region affect the quality of urban living.
Land use = functions we give to land that we can make of the land
Planning:
- Creating convincing stories (visions, scenarios) about the future spatial organization
- Express general interest
- Long term, future oriented (25-30 years)
- Regional level, covering city regions
- Stories common for current and future decision > strategies
- Relationship between spatial organization and human activities
3 themes
1. Urban Development
2. Sustainable mobility
3. Healthy living environment
Dutch Urban Development
- Population concentrated in city regions (e.g. Randstad) in the west
- Towns are compact, preserving valuable farmland and natural reserves
- In the past > strict system local/regional/national control prevented urban sprawl
Very hierarchical
Historical cities and towns
Post war city extensions 1945-1980
- Housing production
Dutch new Towns policy:
, - One-sided orientation as satellite of one of the Randstad cities
- Close to existing cities, connected to a ‘mother city’
- Good transport links (train, tram, metro) but with the mother city alone
- Many towns still growing beyond the boundaries of the original plan
VINEX suburbs 1995-
- Vinex report, document outlined the building of new homes (1995-2005)
- Most of them built in suburbs, the rest within the existing cities to increase urban
density.
- The largest vinex suburbs can be found in the Randstad: some of them resemble
new towns)
- Demand and supply. VINEX not only considered demand and supply but also
Housing preferences > more suitable homes. On outskirts of cities, to expand.
Recent spatial policy trends:
- Policy in the nl has shifted away from top-down large-scale urban extensions.
- More emphasis on redevelopment: former docklands, brownfields and railway station
areas are ‘urban ‘key projects, often high rise buildings.
- More bottom-up, decentral, local governance, integrating urban and rural
development. Risk: things get deregulated.
- From 2021: environmental law (omgevingswet) > make it easier for economic actors
to collect and present data to create new developments
more freedom and influence on action
plans/implementation > more adaptable.
These two come together in quality of life:
- How well are human needs met, now and in the future? > objective well-being
- How satisfied are people in various domains? > subjective well-being
HDI (Human Development Index): indicators: life expectancy, Education (years of
schooling), Gross National Income (standard of living) > biased. Subjective well-being
Big risk: only considering one variable per indicator.
, Quality of life (QOL) definition: Extent to which objective human needs are fulfilled in
relation to personal or group perceptions of subjective well-being.
Policy (including spatial planning!) can create the opportunities to meet human needs, by
acting on:
- Built capital: manufactured goods
- Social capital: networks and cooperation
- Human capital: labour and knowledge
- Nature capital: ecosystem services
Policy is affected by social norms: e.g. preference for a type of green space stimulating
the development of such green space.
Policy also affects social norms: e.g. development of a new transportation infrastructure
encouraging new mobility patterns.
Where and how does planning affect QOL:
- Sewerage systems, Industrial revolution, pollution.
- Zoning: different parts of land in the map > which functions are allowed in each
partial.
- Industrial revolution: brutal aspects consequences
- Modern day zoning: between commerce and industrial zone
- Housing
- Urban expansion.
- Green space, public green access, environmental justice. Too much green?
- Ecosystems services: guarantee human well-being
- Public transit
Don't forget: cities are not isolated! Center. Cities take and deliver.
Stressor or driver?
Why urban agriculture?
Urban quality of life: Maintaining and improving aspects of quality of life related to the
spatial organization of an urban region. i.e the way spatial distribution of land uses and
networks in a region affect the quality of urban living.
Land use = functions we give to land that we can make of the land
Planning:
- Creating convincing stories (visions, scenarios) about the future spatial organization
- Express general interest
- Long term, future oriented (25-30 years)
- Regional level, covering city regions
- Stories common for current and future decision > strategies
- Relationship between spatial organization and human activities
3 themes
1. Urban Development
2. Sustainable mobility
3. Healthy living environment
Dutch Urban Development
- Population concentrated in city regions (e.g. Randstad) in the west
- Towns are compact, preserving valuable farmland and natural reserves
- In the past > strict system local/regional/national control prevented urban sprawl
Very hierarchical
Historical cities and towns
Post war city extensions 1945-1980
- Housing production
Dutch new Towns policy:
, - One-sided orientation as satellite of one of the Randstad cities
- Close to existing cities, connected to a ‘mother city’
- Good transport links (train, tram, metro) but with the mother city alone
- Many towns still growing beyond the boundaries of the original plan
VINEX suburbs 1995-
- Vinex report, document outlined the building of new homes (1995-2005)
- Most of them built in suburbs, the rest within the existing cities to increase urban
density.
- The largest vinex suburbs can be found in the Randstad: some of them resemble
new towns)
- Demand and supply. VINEX not only considered demand and supply but also
Housing preferences > more suitable homes. On outskirts of cities, to expand.
Recent spatial policy trends:
- Policy in the nl has shifted away from top-down large-scale urban extensions.
- More emphasis on redevelopment: former docklands, brownfields and railway station
areas are ‘urban ‘key projects, often high rise buildings.
- More bottom-up, decentral, local governance, integrating urban and rural
development. Risk: things get deregulated.
- From 2021: environmental law (omgevingswet) > make it easier for economic actors
to collect and present data to create new developments
more freedom and influence on action
plans/implementation > more adaptable.
These two come together in quality of life:
- How well are human needs met, now and in the future? > objective well-being
- How satisfied are people in various domains? > subjective well-being
HDI (Human Development Index): indicators: life expectancy, Education (years of
schooling), Gross National Income (standard of living) > biased. Subjective well-being
Big risk: only considering one variable per indicator.
, Quality of life (QOL) definition: Extent to which objective human needs are fulfilled in
relation to personal or group perceptions of subjective well-being.
Policy (including spatial planning!) can create the opportunities to meet human needs, by
acting on:
- Built capital: manufactured goods
- Social capital: networks and cooperation
- Human capital: labour and knowledge
- Nature capital: ecosystem services
Policy is affected by social norms: e.g. preference for a type of green space stimulating
the development of such green space.
Policy also affects social norms: e.g. development of a new transportation infrastructure
encouraging new mobility patterns.
Where and how does planning affect QOL:
- Sewerage systems, Industrial revolution, pollution.
- Zoning: different parts of land in the map > which functions are allowed in each
partial.
- Industrial revolution: brutal aspects consequences
- Modern day zoning: between commerce and industrial zone
- Housing
- Urban expansion.
- Green space, public green access, environmental justice. Too much green?
- Ecosystems services: guarantee human well-being
- Public transit
Don't forget: cities are not isolated! Center. Cities take and deliver.
