C
, of gene first Mendel )
segregation >
pairs variants are called alleles observed
by Gregor
[Ehhf-IC5 the amount of genetic material does not necessarily reflect the level of advancement of an
organism
& variation the trait that the &
the
study of heredity dominant , is expresses itself in
heterozygous homozygous dominant
genotype
heredity ,
passing on
of traits 1 characteristics from one
generation to the next recessive > is the trait that expresses itself only in the
homozygous recessive
genotype
( )
Father of genetics Pure breed →
homozygous genetically similar mated parents produce a
purebred offspring
" "
-
Gregor Mendel = Father of genetics Di
hybrid -
a
hybrid that is
heterozygous for alleles of two different genes
-
Gregor Mendel & Charles Darwin never met mono
hybrid genetic mix between two individuals who have
homozygous genotypes
'
He was responsible for the first breakthrough in the study of heredity by investigating the transfer of characteristics from one
generation to the next
Darwin's &
-
theory of evolution Mandel 's
findings + laws were
gradually accepted
.
Many biologists use Mendel s research
- Mendelian
genetics is studied and
taught throughout the world
what is transferred from one
generation to the next
'
( Mendel "
something transferred from factors )
' "
. the parents to
offspring is
genes called them
'
. Part of DNA molecules in chromosomes
-
Spectacular advances in
understanding genes
Genes
- Each chromatic has one helical DNA molecule
- Each DNA molecule is made up of a series of genes hox
genes > master control
genes that determine the
way in which the body develops from a
single zygote
> a series of bases
gene , a section of DNA that controls a
hereditary trait
Epigenetics > control of genes
Each 100's of Human Epi genome project
. chromosome has to loads several
genes > aims to document what switches
genes on and
off
Human human
• In humans between 20 Ooo to 25000
genome > entire
genetic blueprint of a
being
Genome > complete set of genetic instructions
-
nearly all somatic cells have an exact
copy of all the
genes in the
organism
> mature red blood cells have no nuclei no chromosomes : no
genes
'
. .
- 2 kinds of chromosomes : maternal & Paternal
/ > allele = variation of gene
>
therefore two kinds of each
gene
.
gene pool : set of all
genes
&
genetic information in a population of sexually reproducing organisms
>
large gene pool =
high genetic diversity & decreased possibility of extinction
How active bone cells brain cells skin cells
are
genes
- Each cell has a
full complement of DNA :
only the
genes
needed are activated & others suppressed . :
different genes activated in
different cells which creates a specific protein for that cell
some
only active
during embryo development
'
genes are
" "
' Some
genes are active most of the time for basic functions =
Housekeeping genes ,
some
genes are inactive most of the time
. non -
coding DNA 198%)= doesn't code for protein & found between
coding sections
-
, of gene first Mendel )
segregation >
pairs variants are called alleles observed
by Gregor
[Ehhf-IC5 the amount of genetic material does not necessarily reflect the level of advancement of an
organism
& variation the trait that the &
the
study of heredity dominant , is expresses itself in
heterozygous homozygous dominant
genotype
heredity ,
passing on
of traits 1 characteristics from one
generation to the next recessive > is the trait that expresses itself only in the
homozygous recessive
genotype
( )
Father of genetics Pure breed →
homozygous genetically similar mated parents produce a
purebred offspring
" "
-
Gregor Mendel = Father of genetics Di
hybrid -
a
hybrid that is
heterozygous for alleles of two different genes
-
Gregor Mendel & Charles Darwin never met mono
hybrid genetic mix between two individuals who have
homozygous genotypes
'
He was responsible for the first breakthrough in the study of heredity by investigating the transfer of characteristics from one
generation to the next
Darwin's &
-
theory of evolution Mandel 's
findings + laws were
gradually accepted
.
Many biologists use Mendel s research
- Mendelian
genetics is studied and
taught throughout the world
what is transferred from one
generation to the next
'
( Mendel "
something transferred from factors )
' "
. the parents to
offspring is
genes called them
'
. Part of DNA molecules in chromosomes
-
Spectacular advances in
understanding genes
Genes
- Each chromatic has one helical DNA molecule
- Each DNA molecule is made up of a series of genes hox
genes > master control
genes that determine the
way in which the body develops from a
single zygote
> a series of bases
gene , a section of DNA that controls a
hereditary trait
Epigenetics > control of genes
Each 100's of Human Epi genome project
. chromosome has to loads several
genes > aims to document what switches
genes on and
off
Human human
• In humans between 20 Ooo to 25000
genome > entire
genetic blueprint of a
being
Genome > complete set of genetic instructions
-
nearly all somatic cells have an exact
copy of all the
genes in the
organism
> mature red blood cells have no nuclei no chromosomes : no
genes
'
. .
- 2 kinds of chromosomes : maternal & Paternal
/ > allele = variation of gene
>
therefore two kinds of each
gene
.
gene pool : set of all
genes
&
genetic information in a population of sexually reproducing organisms
>
large gene pool =
high genetic diversity & decreased possibility of extinction
How active bone cells brain cells skin cells
are
genes
- Each cell has a
full complement of DNA :
only the
genes
needed are activated & others suppressed . :
different genes activated in
different cells which creates a specific protein for that cell
some
only active
during embryo development
'
genes are
" "
' Some
genes are active most of the time for basic functions =
Housekeeping genes ,
some
genes are inactive most of the time
. non -
coding DNA 198%)= doesn't code for protein & found between
coding sections
-
