Test-Bank for Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology 9th Edition Marieb

Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 2 Basic Chemistry Short Answer Figure 2.1 Using Figure 2.1, identify the following: 1) The structure of the functional protein is __________. Answer : B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 50-51 2) The structure of the nucleotide is __________. Answer : E Diff: 3 Page Ref: 54-56 3) The structure of the polysaccharide is __________. Answer : C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 45 1 Full file at 4) The structure of the monosaccharide is __________. Answer : A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 45 Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 5) When a change in matter alters the basic nature of the substance, it is called a __________ change. Answer : chemical Diff: 1 Page Ref: 27 6) Inactive or stored energy is called __________ energy. Answer : potential Diff: 1 Page Ref: 28 7) Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of __________ they possess. Answer : neutrons Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 2 Full file at 8) Decomposition of a protein produces __________. Answer : amino acids Diff: 3 Page Ref: 40; 49 9) The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom is called the __________. Answer : atomic mass number Diff: 2 Page Ref: 32 10) Compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonding are collectively termed __________ compounds. Answer : organic Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42 11) Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared __________. Answer : unequally Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37 12) The outermost shell of an atom is called the __________ shell. Answer : valence Diff: 2 Page Ref: 35 13) An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) __________. State the answer in two ways. 3 Full file at Answer : protons; hydrogen ions Diff: 2 Page Ref: 43 14) All __________ have an amine (N ) group. Answer : amino acids Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42 15) Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called __________. Answer : polysaccharides Diff: 2 Page Ref: 46 16) A solution with a pH of 11.7 is __________ times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 8.7. Answer : 1000 Diff: 2 Page Ref: 44 17) Cholesterol is an example of a __________, a specific category of lipids. Answer : steroids Diff: 2 Page Ref: 47; 49 18) Enzymes are examples of __________ proteins. State the answer in two ways. Answer : 4 Full file at globular; functional Diff: 3 Page Ref: 50 19) The building blocks of nucleic acids are called __________. Answer : nucleotides Diff: 2 Page Ref: 54 5 Full file at 20) The universal energy compound that provides visible energy to cells is __________. Answer : ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Diff: 2 Page Ref: 55 Multiple Choice 1) Inactive energy is referred to as: A) mechanical energy B) potential energy C) kinetic energy D) radiant energy E) electrical energy Answer : B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 28 2) An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons is a(n): A) molecule B) anion C) 6 Full file at cation D) isotope E) radioisotope Answer : C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 36 3) The movement of ions across cell membranes is an example of: A) radiant energy B) chemical energy C) electrical energy D) mechanical energy E) potential energy Answer : C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28 4) Ninety-six percent of the human body is composed of the elements: A) carbon, calcium, sodium, and oxygen B) 7 Full file at carbon, oxygen, iron, and potassium C) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen D) calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron E) sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and sulfur Answer : C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 29 5) The most abundant element in the human body is: A) carbon B) oxygen C) hydrogen D) nitrogen E) calcium Answer : B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30 6) The simplest atom—containing one proton, one electron, and no neutrons—is: A) 8 Full file at carbon B) hydrogen C) oxygen D) nitrogen E) sodium Answer : B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 31 7) Atomic mass is equivalent to the number of __________ in an atom. A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) protons and electrons E) protons and neutrons Answer : E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 32 8) Which of these elements composes bone: 9 Full file at A) calcium B) sulfur C) chlorine D) iron E) iodine Answer : A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30 9) Which of the following is the role of magnesium: A) it is present in bone, and is an important cofactor for enzyme activity in a number of metabolic reactions B) it is needed to make functional thyroid hormones C) it is a component of the functional hemoglobin molecule that transports oxygen within red blood cells, as well as a component of some enzymes D) it is the major extracellular cation in its ionic form, and is important for water balance, conduction of nerve impulses, and muscle contraction E) it is a major extracellular anion in its ionic form Answer :