ati Pediatrics Focused Review Proctored Exam

ATI Pediatrics Focused Review Proctored Exam Case Management (1 item) Hematologic Disorders: Immunizations for a Client Who Has Sickle Cell Anemia (Active Learning Template - Basic Concept, RM NCC RN 11.0 Chp 21) - Treat and prevent infection by administering antibiotics, performing frequent hand hygiene, giving oral prophylactic penicillin. - Administer pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, meningococcal vaccine, and Haemophilus influenza type B vaccine. - Monitor and report laboratory results. Establishing Priorities (1 item) Pediatric Emergencies: Caring for a School-Age Child Who Is Experiencing Anaphylaxis (Active Learning Template - System Disorder, RM NCC RN 11.0 Chp 43) - Anaphylactic Shock is a life-threatening allergic reaction that is caused by a systemic antigen-antibody immune response to a foreign substance (antigen) introduced into the body. - It is characterized by a smooth muscle contraction, massive vasodilation and increased capillary permeability triggered by a release of histamine. It occurs within seconds to minutes after contact with an antigenic substances and progresses rapidly to respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic shock, and possibly death if emergency treatment is not initiated. - Causative agents include severe reactions to a sensitive substance such as a drug, vaccine, food (such as eggs, milk, peanuts, shellfish), insect venom, dyes or contrast media, or blood products. - Assess the respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth, and note for changes such as:coughing, dyspnea, increased shortness of breath, stridor, tachypnea, use of accessory muscles, wheezing. - Assess the client for the sensation of a narrowed airway, presence of angioedema, Monitor oxygen saturation and arterial blood gasses, Administer IV fluids as ordered, aminister oxygen as prescribed. Administer medications as ordered: bronchodilators, corticosteroids, epinephrine, antihistamines. - Legal Rights and Responsibilities (1 item) Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases: Nationally Notifiable Sexually Transmitted Infections (Active Learning Template - System Disorder, RM CH RN 8.0 Chp 3) - Epidemiology is used to monitor disease trends. Examining numeric indicators of the occurrence of diseases, how long they last, and comparison to historical trends can assist with the management of diseases. -Community health nurses can use disease surveillance to track the point of origin of some diseases -Reporting of communicable diseases is mandated by state and local regulations, and state notification to the CDC is voluntary. NATIONALLY NOTIFIABLE DISEASES Identified at www . cdc . gov and include the following. Anthrax, Botulism,Cholera, Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), Diphtheria,Giardiasis, Gonorrhea, Hepatitis A, B, C, HIV infection,Influenza-associated pediatric mortality, Legionellosis/Legionnaires' disease, Lyme disease, Malaria, Meningococcal disease, Mumps, Pertussis (whooping cough), Poliomyelitis, paralytic, Poliovirus infection, nonparalytic, Rabies (human or animal), Rubella (German measles), Salmonellosis, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associatedcoronavirus disease (SARS-CoV), Shigellosis, Smallpox, Syphilis,Tetanus/C. tetani, Toxic shock syndrome (TSS),Tuberculosis (TB), Typhoid fever, Vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA/VRSA) Standard Precautions/Transmission-Based Precautions/Surgical Asepsis (1 item) Professional Responsibilities: Caring for a Child Who Has Pertussis (Active Learning Template - Basic Concept, RM Leadership 8.0 Chp 3) · Use droplet precautions until 5 days after effective antibiotic is initiated. · Monitor respirations and oxygen saturation with a cardiac monitor and pulse oximetry. The smaller the infant, the greater the risk for apnea. · Meet infant needs promptly to reduce crying, which can precipitate coughing. Remain with the child during coughing spells, when hypoxic and apneic episodes are most likely. Give oxygen if ordered. Have emergency equipment available. · Provide humidification. Gentle suctioning may be necessary. · Give nonaspirin antipyretics as needed for fever. · Encourage frequent rest periods. · Provide small frequent feeding of desired foods. Encourage fluids. The child may need IV hydration if oral intake is not tolerated. · Provide emotional support to parents. · Teach parents to watch for signs of respiratory failure and dehydration if the child is managed at home. Developmental Stages and Transitions (1 item) Health Promotion of Adolescents (12 to 20 Years): Expected Developmental Changes During Early Adolescence (Active Learning Template - Growth and Development, RM NCC RN 11.0 Chp 7) - Adolescents form stronger bonds with friends than at any time earlier in development but they also need their parents for guidance and reassurance as they become more independent. As teenagers strive for independence, they begin to strike out at parents, test limits, and have conflicts with parents. - Mental health of adolescents is closely linked to developmental tasks such as growing independence, formation of close relationships with peers, becoming confident in accomplishments, and setting goals for the future. - Self-concept continues to evolve, influencing how the adolescent reacts to the environment. Self-regulation (making decisions to govern oneself) becomes critically important. Self-esteem, or a positive feeling about the self, is key to meeting life’s challenges. Abuse/Neglect (1 item) Psychosocial Issues of Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Indicators of Child Abuse (Active Learning Template - Basic Concept, RM NCC RN 11.0 Chp 44) Clinical Manifestations of Physical Abuse in Children and Adolescents: - Multiple bruises in various stages of healing, scald burns with clear lines of demarcation in a glove or stocking distribution, rope, belt, or cord marks, burn scars in various stages of healing, multiple fractures in various stages of healing