Pharmacology Final Exam Review, with answers

Pharmacology Final Exam Review, with answers-Pharmacokinetics: refers to the transportation activity of drugs: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion 1. Absorption: Where the drug is made available to the body (body fluids); done in 3 ways: -Active transport -Passive transport -Pinocytosis 2. Distribution: The systemic circulation that distributes the drugs to various tissues or target sites and the distribution of an absorbed drug depends on protein binding, blood flow and solubility *If a drug binds to a protein during distribution=NO therapeutic effect 3. Metabolism: The process that changes the form of drugs so the body can excrete the substance (also called biotransformation) *LIVER*  SOMETIMES KIDNEYS, LUNGS, AND INTESTINAL MUCOSA 4. Excretion: Elimination of drugs from the body *KIDNEYS*  feces, sweat, urine, and spit Terms to know: • Half-life: refers to the time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug • Polypharmacy: the simultaneous use of multiple drugs to treat a single ailment or condition • Bacteriostatic: that stops bacteria from reproducing, while not necessarily killing them otherwise • Bactericidal: kills bacteria 6 Rights: 1. Right Patient 2. Right Time 3. Right Route 4. Right Medication 5. Right dose 6. Right documentation *30 minutes before or after medication is due=medication error Antidotes to know: 1. OpioidsNarcan 2. CoumadinVitamin K 3. Cardiac arrestEpinephrine/Norepinephrine Pharmacokinetic time frames of all insulins: 1. Regular insulin (Humulin R)  SHORT ACTING: -Onset (SQ route): 30 to 60 minutes -Peak (SQ route): 2-4 hours -Duration (SQ route): 5-8 hours Routes of administration: -IV bolus -IV infusion -Intramuscular (IM) -SQ *Clear in Color* 2. lispro (Humalog)  RAPID-ACTING: -Onset of action -5 to 10 minutes -Peak: 30 to 1.5 hours -Duration: 3 to 5 hours *Patient must eat a meal after injection within 15 minutes* May be given: -subcutaneously (SQ) -via continuous SQ infusion pump ***but not intravenously IV! *Clear in color*