RELI 448 FINAL EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

RELI 448 FINAL EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 1. (TCO 1) Belief in many gods is called: (Points : 4) polytheism. monotheism. agnosticism. atheism. Question 2. 2. (TCO 1) Belief in one God is called: (Points : 4) monotheism. polytheism. atheism. agnosticism. Question 3. 3. (TCO 2) Who was the American psychologist who viewed religion as a positive way of fulfilling needs and praised its positive influence on the lives of individuals? (Points : 4) James Frazer Carl Gustav Jung Sigmund Freud William James Question 4. 4. (TCO 4) Who was the Scottish anthropologist and author of The Golden Bough who saw the origins of religion in early attempts by human beings to influence nature and who identified religion as an intermediate stage between magic and science? (Points : 4) James Frazer Rudolf Otto William James Wilhelm Schmidt Question 5. 5. (TCO 4) What is the name of the Austrian ethnographer and philologist who argued that all humankind once believed in a single High God and that to this simple monotheism later beliefs in lesser gods and spirits were added? (Points : 4) James Frazer William James Wilhelm Schmidt Carl Gustav Jung Question 6. 6. (TCO 8) Vedic religion was: (Points : 4) patriarchal and polytheistic. matriarchal and polytheistic. monotheistic. monistic. Question 7. 7. (TCO 8) "Liberation" from personal limitation, egotism, and rebirth is: (Points : 4) satyagraha. ahimsa. maya. moksha. Question 8. 8. (TCO 9) The moral law of cause and effect that determines the direction of rebirth is: (Points : 4) ahimsa. karma. shakti. puja. Question 9. 9. (TCO 10) The most accurate descriptor of Jainism is: (Points : 4) polytheistic. monotheistic. atheistic. nontheistic. Question 10. 10. (TCO 8) The Buddha's first disciples were: (Points : 4) his wife and child. his five former ascetic companions. the great king Ashoka. members of the warrior-noble class. Question 11. 11. (TCO 8) Once a person reaches nirvana: (Points : 4) suffering continues only for this life. samsara is attained. rebirth is finished. the Pure Land is entered. Question 12. 12. (TCO 8 ) The Chinese word for "righteousness," "benevolence," "humanityat- its-best" is: (Points : 4) Ren (jen). Li. Wen. Hsiao (xiao). Question 13. 13. (TCO 8) Confucius thought the most important relationship was: (Points : 4) ruler-subject. husband-wife. father-son. friend-friend. Question 14. 14. (TCO 9) According to the traditional story, Laozi (Lao tzu) wrote down his teachings only because: (Points : 4) a border guard would not let him pass until he did so. his students and disciples begged him. a request came from Confucius. he needed money. Question 15. 15. (TCO 9) The mysterious of the universe that is present and in everything is known as: (Points : 4) li. Dao. ren (jen). wen. Question 16. 16. (TCO 5) All of the following ancient world religions are major world religions except: (Points : 4) Buddhism. Hinduism. Shinto. Confucianism. Question 17. 17. (TCO 11) Sikhism is charaterized by: (Points : 4) special clothing and religious militarism. special clothing but not religious militarism. religious militarism but not special clothing. special clothing only. Question 18. 18. (TCO 6) The Hebrews trace themselves to an ancestor named: (Points : 4) Adam. Abraham. Moses. Amos. Question 19. 19. (TCO 6) The sacred core of the Hebrew Bible is called the: (Points : 4) Torah. Talmud. Writings. Prophets. Question 20. 20. (TCO 6) God first appeared to Moses in: (Points : 4) an Egyptian slave. a cloud on Mt. Sinai. a burning bush. the Red Sea. Question 21. 21. (TCO 7) The Gospel that is not part of the synoptics and is really a theology of Jesus is: (Points : 4) Matthew. Mark. Luke. John. Question 22. 22. (TCO 7) Letters written in the New Testament to instruct, encourage, and solve problems are called: (Points : 4) Gospels. Epistles. Acts. Revelations. Question 23. 23. (TCO 6) Muslims believe in: (Points : 4) resurrection of the body. a final judgment. neither a resurrection of the body nor a final judgment. both a resurrection of the body and a final judgment. Question 24. 24. (TCO 6) The month of fasting, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, is known as: (Points : 4) Id al-Adha. Kabah. Ramadan. Qur'an. Question 25. 25. (TCO 12) The Baha'is found a messianic figure in: (Points : 4) a young Persian aristocrat, Baha'u'llah. an Ethiopian king. a writer of science fiction. a Jamaican farmer. 1. (TCO 4) Compare and contrast Sigmund Freud's theory about the origin of religions with William James's theory. How does each of these psychologists view religion (positively or negatively)? Now analyze how the insights of Freud or James might illuminate your religious tradition or the tradition with which you are the most familiar. How would Freud or James understand that tradition? Use specific examples to support your answer (e.g., a specific belief or ritual). (Points : 50) Question 2. 2. (TCO 9) Identify and analyze the Theravada and Mahayana forms of Buddhism. Include in this answer: a) specific countries where they are found, b) differing views of the Buddha, and c) differing ideals as to how one should live one's life. Make sure you use enough details to support your answer. (Points : 50) Question 3. 3. (TCO 3) Explain and evaluate Paley's Teleological Argument for the Existence of God: In crossing a heath, suppose I pitched my foot against a stone and were asked how the stone came to be there, I might possibly answer that for anything I knew to the contrary it had lain there forever; nor would it, perhaps, be very easy to show the absurdity of this answer. But suppose I had found a watch upon the ground, and it should be inquired how the watch happened to be in that place, I should hardly think of the answer which I had before given, that for anything I knew the watch might have always been there. Yet why Freud believed and theorized that belief in God or gods originally came from the long lasting impressions made on adults from their childhood experiences, in which the parents play a very important role in. In his theory adults project their sense of their parents into their image of God or Gods. James on the other hand came to his ideas and beliefs through an unusual course of study. J ames viewed religion as a positive way of fulfilling these needs and praised its positive influence on the lives of individuals. He said religion brings "a new zest" to living, provides and assurance of safety and that it leads to a harmonious relation to the universe. I would say that J ames would have had more of an impact on my views or religious tradition now as they are more positive. even though they are somewhat outdated. I do not agree with Freud's belief that our religious beliefs come mainly from our childhood experiences and from our parents because if that was the case I would be a lot more religious and would practice Catholic teachings. The Theravada form of Buddhism origins can be traced back to early India and today it can be found as the dominant religion in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. The teaching of Buddha in the Theravada form of Buddhism is called the Pali Canon and is an outline for monastic life and includes rules for begging among other things. Theravada monks beg daily for food much like the early followers of Buddha did. This monastic life is considered by many Theravada Buddhists to be the path to Nirvana. The Mahayana form of Buddhism stress that Nirvana is obtainable by everyone, not just monks. While originally thought to be of Indian origin, Mahayana is now found in India, China and central Asia. In Mahayana, wisdom is the ultimate goal with compassion being an essential virtue. The attitudes toward the use of art and ritual are varied, toward the acceptance of pleasure and success. Experiencing the World’s Religions. should not this answer serve for the watch as well as for the stone? Why is it not as admissible in the second case as in the first? For this reason, and for no other, namely, that when we come to inspect the watch, we perceive--what we could not discover in the stone-- that its several parts are framed and put together for a purpose, e.g., that they are so formed and adjusted as to produce motion, and that motion so regulated as to point out the hour of the day; that if the different parts had been differently shaped from what they are, of a different size from what they are, or placed after any other manner or in any other order than that in which they are placed, either no motion at all would have been carried on in the machine, or none which would have answered the use that is now served by it. To reckon up a few of the plainest of these parts and of their offices, all tending to one result; we see a cylindrical box containing a coiled elastic spring, which, by its endeavor to relax itself, turns round the box. We next observe a flexible chain--artificially wrought for the sake of flexure--communicating the action of the spring from the box to the fusee. We then find a series of wheels, the teeth of which catch in and apply to each other, conducting the motion from the fusee to the balance and from the balance to the pointer, and at the same time, by the size and shape of those wheels, so regulating that motion as to terminate in causing an index, by an equable and measured progression, to pass over a given space in a given time. We take notice that the wheels are made of brass, in order to keep them from rust; the springs of steel, no other metal being so elastic; that over the face of the watch there is placed a glass, a material employed in no other part of the work, but in the room of which, if there had been any other than a transparent substance, the hour could not be seen without opening the case. This mechanism being observed--it requires indeed an examination of the instrument, and perhaps some previous knowledge of the subject, to perceive and understand it; but being once, as we have said, observed and understood--the inference we think is inevitable, that the watch must have had a maker-that there must have existed, at some time and at some place or other, an artificer or artificers who formed it for the purpose which we find it actually to answer..." Paley then argues that if a watch presumes there is a watchmaker then the existence of the universe must point to a God, who made the universe just as the watchmaker made the watch. Briefly explain and then evaluate this proof for the existence of God. (Points : 50) Question 4. 4. (TCO 11) Identify and analyze three basic patterns in indigeneous religions. Use examples from African religions to support your answer. (Points : 50) Page: 1 2 Analogy – watch discovered on a heath: The watch could not have come about by accident (unlike a rock or stone) The existence of the watch is proof of a watchmaker The universe is intricate in its design (e.g. molecular structure of ice, the position of the Earth from the Sun…etc.) The universe could not come about by accident The universe itself is proof of an intelligent designer Paley argues for a Designing Creator – everything has been designed to fulfil some function: Design qua purpose – the argument that the Universe appears to have been designed to fulfil some purpose e.g. bees pollinating flowers, or tick birds (symbiotic relationship), or the human eye. Paley goes on to argue that there is further evidence for a Creator God in the regularity of the Universe: Design qua Regularity – the argument that the Universe appears to behave according to some order or rule e.g. Newton’s laws of motion, Keplar’s three laws of planetary motion – points to a mechanical universe. Hence, Paley’s argument is referred to as the Teleological Argument – i.e. it looks to the end purpose of things. It is also referred to as the Design Argument as it looks for evidence of God’s existence through design in Indigenous religions are adept by inhabitant peoples around the globe. Their wisdoms have been communicated first and foremost by word of mouth relatively than by means of written texts. Nevertheless a remarkable assortment subsists in stories, viewpoints and practices in the midst of them, certain key prototypes materialize. The first pattern in the midst of Indigenous religions expresses well-built associations with nature. Human beings are entrenched in humankind of animals, plants, and a countryside where the life compel, or the "spirits," is there in the whole lot. The cosmos has a perceptible ordinary authenticity and a deeper, unobserved sacrosanct existence, yet all is ingredient of the identical authenticity with no comprehensible precincts connecting the natural and the paranormal. To evade impairment and acquire consents, human beings ought to take care of all things with concern. An ethic of self-possession or preservation is publicized in intriguing only what one necessitates and in employing all the elements of an animal or a plant. Animals are frequently spoken of in requisites of kinship, as brothers and sisters, or as another ethnic group or populace. The second pattern in the midst of indigenous religions is a conception of sacrosanct time and liberty that supports an intellect of distinctiveness. Participants penetrate into the sacrosanct time in which subsist the ancestors and gods by means of ritually retelling their stories and actions. By configuring everyday life around the mythic proceedings in sacrosanct time, they craft an intellect of devoutness in everyday existence. The recurring nature of sacrosanct time is moreover perceived in following the cadence of the seasons to