Colonisation
The 2nd wave of European colonisation
● Europe controlled 84% of the Earth by 1914
● 1st wave of colonisation started in the 15th century
○ 19th century - some colonies gained independence (Spanish colonies)
or greater autonomy (Canada)
○ Australia became a neo-Europe
European expansion in Asia
India
● First conquered / ruled by the East India Company
● 1857-59: Indian rebellion and liquidation of the EIC
○ Becomes a British colony
● 1909: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar are under direct British rule
Dutch East Indies
● 18th c: VOC (private monopolistic company) controls Jakarta and part of Java
○ Dissolved in 1800 and the Dutch state took over
● 1825-30: Java War and progressive conquest in the 19th c
French Indochina
● 1858-62: Cochinchina campaign
○ Military operations against Vietnam, leading to the foundation of
Cochinchina
● 1863: French protectorate on Cambodia
● 1887: creation of the Union of Indochina (Vietnam and Cambodia)
○ Laos was added in 1893
The scramble for Africa
● Pre 19th c, Europe was on the African coast
○ Started to go inland at the start of the century
○ Conquest escalated in the 1870s
● 1884-5: Berlin Conference formalises the colonisation of Africa
● 1913: Africa is completely colonised (not Liberia or Ethiopia)
Motives for colonisation
● Humanitarian / religious
○ End the slave trade
○ Protect religious missions (became active in the 19th c)
● Political / military
● Economic
The 2nd wave of European colonisation
● Europe controlled 84% of the Earth by 1914
● 1st wave of colonisation started in the 15th century
○ 19th century - some colonies gained independence (Spanish colonies)
or greater autonomy (Canada)
○ Australia became a neo-Europe
European expansion in Asia
India
● First conquered / ruled by the East India Company
● 1857-59: Indian rebellion and liquidation of the EIC
○ Becomes a British colony
● 1909: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar are under direct British rule
Dutch East Indies
● 18th c: VOC (private monopolistic company) controls Jakarta and part of Java
○ Dissolved in 1800 and the Dutch state took over
● 1825-30: Java War and progressive conquest in the 19th c
French Indochina
● 1858-62: Cochinchina campaign
○ Military operations against Vietnam, leading to the foundation of
Cochinchina
● 1863: French protectorate on Cambodia
● 1887: creation of the Union of Indochina (Vietnam and Cambodia)
○ Laos was added in 1893
The scramble for Africa
● Pre 19th c, Europe was on the African coast
○ Started to go inland at the start of the century
○ Conquest escalated in the 1870s
● 1884-5: Berlin Conference formalises the colonisation of Africa
● 1913: Africa is completely colonised (not Liberia or Ethiopia)
Motives for colonisation
● Humanitarian / religious
○ End the slave trade
○ Protect religious missions (became active in the 19th c)
● Political / military
● Economic
