PSY 120 Quizzes 1-19 Questions and Answers ( 2021 LATEST UPDATE )

PSY 120 Quizzes 1-19 Questions and Answers Quiz 1 Chapter 1 Question 1 1 / 1 point Life-span studies are based on which of the following ideas? There is little continuity over the life span. Development occurs early in life, not during adulthood. Every portion of the life span is influenced by earlier events and will in turn affect later events. There is no development that takes place in the late adulthood stage. Question 2 1 / 1 point The concept of a lifelong process of development that can be studied scientifically is known as what? Childhood development Longtime development Life-span development Traditional development Question 3 1 / 1 point Change and stability in mental abilities, such as learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, etc., would constitute which type of development? Physical Cognitive Psychosocial Physiological Question 4 1 / 1 point Peter is three inches taller than every other student in his class. Which domain of development would address Peter’s height? Physical Cognitive Psychosocial Neurological Question 5 1 / 1 point The existence of adolescence as part of the life span in many industrialized societies but not in other societies, is an example of environmental experiences. social construction. cognitive development. physical development. Question 6 0 / 1 point During which developmental period do children begin to regulate their own behavior and become more interested in their peer groups? Infancy Toddlerhood Early childhood Middle childhood Question 7 1 / 1 point The inborn traits or characteristics we inherit from biological parents are our environment. individual differences. heredity. influences. Question 8 1 / 1 point is the unfolding of a natural sequence of physical changes and behavior patterns. Individual responses to the opportunities offered by one’s culture Environmental influences Maturation One’s perception of the events in his/her life Question 9 1 / 1 point Although they grew up in the same home, Natasha and Veronica are nothing alike. Situations such as these highlight the concept of individual differences. sibling rivalry. intellectual disabilities. conformity. Question 10 1 / 1 point The main argument today concerning the nature versus nurture debate focuses on the dominance of nature over nurture. the dominance of nurture over nature. the relative influence of nature over nurture. the interaction between nature and nurture. Question 11 1 / 1 point Conditions that would increase the likelihood of a negative outcome are environmental perceptions. genetic influences. risk factors. social resources. Question 12 1 / 1 point Despite being identified as a “low-risk” group, children of affluent families suffer a high rate of depression. anxiety. substance abuse. All of these Question 13 1 / 1 point An overgeneralization that obscures cultural difference within a group is an ethnic identity. ethnic gloss. ethnicity. ethnic group. Question 14 1 / 1 point An event that is experienced in a similar way by most people in an age group is called a influence. nonnormative age-graded normative age-graded cohort cultural Question 15 1 / 1 point A group of people who experience an event such as the attack of September 11 during a formative time in their lives is known as a historical generation. chronosystem. anomaly. culture. Question 16 1 / 1 point Your cohort would include your grandparents. parents. schoolmates. children. Question 17 0 / 1 point The concept of plasticity is most closely related to the issue of critical periods. sensitive periods. imprinting. All of these Question 18 1 / 1 point A critical period is a time when an organism is most likely to be influenced by a specific event. a person faces a developmental transition. development is taking place most rapidly. development slows down for a period of time. Question 19 1 / 1 point The inability of a parent to understand that his daughter’s tattoo is just a form of individual expression and not a sign that she is a bad person is most closely related to which of Baltes’ developmental ideas? Development is lifelong. Development involves changing resource allocations. Development is multidirectional. Development is influenced by the historical and cultural context. Question 20 1 / 1 point Gerald is an intellectually gifted child with an extensive vocabulary. He is emotionally mature and physically developed. Gerald’s development in each of the three domains is best explained by which of Baltes’ developmental ideas? Development is multidimensional. Development involves changing resource allocations. Development is multidirectional. Development is influenced by the historical and cultural context. Question 21 1 / 1 point The most widely used system of periods of development divides the life span into periods. eight ten four six Question 22 1 / 1 point The period of development is a time of establishing personal and economic independence, career development, and, for many, selecting a mate. early adulthood late adulthood adolescence middle adulthood Question 23 1 / 1 point A central focus in developmental research is plasticity, which refers to the tendency to stay the same. the ability of preoperational children to learn self-care. how interested a person is in the environment. a person’s capacity for change. Question 24 1 / 1 point In the lifespan perspective, no age period dominates development. That highlights the view that development is considered to be multidimensional. multidirectional. lifelong. cyclical. Question 25 1 / 1 point During which developmental period do most people finish their formal education, become independent, and start families and careers? Adolescence Young adulthood Middle adulthood Older adulthood Quiz 2 Chapter 2 Question 1 1 / 1 point In the study of human development, a theory is a set of logically related statements seeking to describe, explain, and predict development. facts derived from research. research results that can prove behaviors. opinions of a well-known authority in a field. Question 2 1 / 1 point Tentative explanations or predictions that can be scientifically tested are called theories. hypotheses. research findings. conclusions. Question 3 1 / 1 point Which early philosopher described children as a tabula rasa on which society writes? John Locke Jean Piaget Jean-Jacques Rousseau Erik Erikson Question 4 1 / 1 point Psychoanalytic theory was developed by Sigmund Freud. Ivan Pavlov. Albert Bandura. Erik Erikson. Question 5 1 / 1 point The proper order of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development is anal, phallic, oral, latency, genital. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital. anal, oral, genital, latency, phallic. oral, latency, genital, anal, phallic. Question 6 1 / 1 point The stage of psychosexual development that occurs during middle childhood and is characterized by relative calm is called the stage. oral childhood latency anal Question 7 1 / 1 point Which one of the following personality entities would be most similar to what is called “conscience”? Id Ego Superego Libido Question 8 1 / 1 point Each of Erikson’s stages involves a major developmental issue that is particularly important at that time. Erikson referred to these issues as in personality. traumas crises stages phases Question 9 1 / 1 point According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, the first stage of development, which occurs during infancy, is trust versus mistrust. autonomy versus shame and doubt. initiative versus guilt. industry versus inferiority. Question 10 1 / 1 point A long-lasting change in behavior as a result of experience or adaptation to the environment is called modification. cognition. learning. behaviorism. Question 11 1 / 1 point According to the perspective, people’s actions are reactions to aspects of their environment that they find pleasing, painful, or threatening. organismic behaviorism psychoanalytic humanistic Question 12 1 / 1 point A child learns to whine to get items at the store because when she whines, her parents get frustrated and give her the desired items. She is being rewarded for her whining, but her parents do not seem to realize this and are frustrated because the whining is increasing. This is an example of conditioning. operant classical behavior unconscious Question 13 1 / 1 point Which of the following researchers worked with “Little Albert” in one of the earliest and most famous examples of classical conditioning in human development? John B. Watson Ivan Pavlov B. F. Skinner Edward Thorndike Question 14 1 / 1 point The psychologist who formulated the principles of operant conditioning was John B. Watson. Sidney Pressey. B. F. Skinner. Ivan Pavlov. Question 15 0 / 1 point Any consequence of a behavior that INCREASES the likelihood of that behavior being repeated is called punishment. reinforcement. an aversive event. classical conditioning. Question 16 0 / 1 point The use of operant conditioning to modify or shape human behavior is called classical conditioning. punishment. behavior modification. reinforcement. Question 17 1 / 1 point The process of modeling, or observing and imitating others, is referred to as classical conditioning. observational learning. efficacious learning. psychoanalytical learning. Question 18 1 / 1 point is the researcher best known for his theory of cognitive development. Abraham Maslow Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson Jean Piaget Question 19 1 / 1 point A structure of organized patterns of behavior that a person uses to think about and act in a situation is that person’s scheme. situation. adaptation. assimilation. Question 20 1 / 1 point Piaget’s term for the process of taking information and incorporating it into existing ways of thinking is schematization. shaping. accommodation. assimilation. Question 21 1 / 1 point Sociocultural theory, developed by , stresses children’s active involvement with their environment as the process by which they acquire cognitive skills. Urie Bronfenbrenner Jean Piaget Lev Vygotsky Margaret Mead Question 22 1 / 1 point One of the most reliable sampling methods is the use of , which increases the likelihood that the sample is representative of the population. representative selection random assignment random selection random sample Question 23 1 / 1 point An in-depth study of an individual is a(n) naturalistic observation. case study. interview. experiment. Question 24 1 / 1 point In an experiment, Professor Daley manipulates the variable and then looks for an effect of that manipulation by measuring the variable. dependent; independent control; experimental experimental; control independent; dependent Question 25 1 / 1 point According to Bronfenbrenner, a country’s policy on maternal leave occurs at which level of environmental influence? Microsystem Macrosystem Exosystem Mesosystem Chapter 3 Question 1 1 / 1 point A zygote is created when a sperm and an egg combine in the fallopian tube to form a single cell. This process is referred to as implantation. ovulation. fertilization. menstruation. Question 2 1 / 1 point Twins formed by the fertilization of two ova by two sperm are fraternal. the least common type of twins. genetically the same. more likely in first pregnancies than in later ones. Question 3 1 / 1 point The increased use of fertility drugs, along with delayed childbearing, has resulted in an increase in multiple births. a decrease in multiple births. no change in multiple births. no relationship between these factors. Question 4 1 / 1 point A process by which non-sex cells divide in half over and over again is meiosis. mitosis. menstruation. multiple splitosis. Question 5 1 / 1 point How many pairs of chromosomes does the normal human being have? 22 23 44 46 Question 6 0 / 1 point When neither of two alleles is dominant, the resulting trait reflects the influence of both. This is called polygenic inheritance. dominant inheritance. codominance. recessive inheritance. Question 7 1 / 1 point A person’s observable characteristics are his or her alleles. genetic imprint. phenotype genotype. Question 8 0 / 1 point The view by society that it is desirable to have only two children is an example of Bronfenbrenner’s microsystem. macrosystem. exosystem. Any of the above, depending upon the parent Question 9 1 / 1 point Which birth defect afflicts European Jews at a rate of 1 in 3,000? Tay-Sachs disease Sickle-cell anemia Cystic fibrosis Cooley’s anemia Question 10 1 / 1 point The partial expression of a recessive gene in a heterozygous pair is called dominant inheritance. recessive inheritance. incomplete dominance. partial dominance. Question 11 1 / 1 point Permanent alterations in genetic material that occur due to environmental conditions such as radiation or environmental hazards is/are called incomplete dominations. recessive defects. alleles. mutations. Question 12 1 / 1 point The most common chromosomal abnormality that takes place in the autosomes is Klinefelter’s syndrome. Down syndrome. Turner’s syndrome. Walker syndrome. Question 13 1 / 1 point A couple’s genetic counselor shows them magnified photographs of each parent’s chromosomes arranged on a chart according to size and structure. What is this chart called? Allele typing Phenotype Gamete analysis Karyotype Question 14 1 / 1 point A statistical estimate of how much contribution heredity makes toward individual differences in a specific trait at a certain time within a given population is referred to as inheritance. heritability. heredity. genetics. Question 15 1 / 1 point Emma is a 5-year-old and weighs 90 pounds. Family studies tell us that her obesity is a result of heredity. environment. behavior. a combination of all three factors. Question 16 1 / 1 point A psychological disorder marked by loss of contact with reality and demonstrating such symptoms as hallucinations and delusions, which also seems to have a strong genetic component, is neuroticism. depression. schizophrenia. mental retardation. Question 17 0 / 1 point A fertilized ovum is also called a(n) embryo. zygote. fetus. morphogen. Question 18 1 / 1 point The fluid-filled sac surrounding the developing human organism is the placenta. amniotic sac. trophoblast. blastocyst. Question 19 1 / 1 point During which prenatal stage do the major body systems and organs develop? Fetal Embryonic Germinal Terminal Question 20 1 / 1 point Environmental factors that may produce birth defects are called blastocysts. allergens. teratogens. toxinogens. Question 21 1 / 1 point The name for a leading cause of mental retardation caused by mothers who drink alcohol heavily during their pregnancies is drinker’s syndrome. fetal alcohol syndrome. drunk woman’s syndrome. mental retardation syndrome. Question 22 1 / 1 point If a mother wanted to have a clear image of the fetus in her womb, which procedure would she most likely use? Amniocentesis Ultrasound Fetal biopsy Chorionic villus sampling Question 23 1 / 1 point In which procedure is a sample of fluid taken from around the fetus and analyzed for possible defects? Amniocentesis Chorionic villus sampling Ultrasound Electronic fetal monitoring Question 24 0 / 1 point What is the name of the complete set of developmental instructions for creating proteins that initiate the making of a human organism? Human genome Genes Chromosomes DNA Question 25 1 / 1 point Which of the following is the prenatal period that lasts about seven months? Fetal Germinal Embryonic Conception Quiz 4 Chapter 4 Question 1 1 / 1 point Tanya’s doctor has prepared her for the possibility that her baby has a large head and may have to be delivered by surgical delivery through an incision in Tanya’s abdomen. This method of birth is called a medicated birth. prepared birth. cesarean section. Lamaze method. Question 2 1 / 1 point A method of medicated delivery that allows a woman to feel sensations and move her legs so she is able to participate in childbirth is the narcotic injection. anesthesia block. general anesthesia. “walking epidural.” Question 3 1 / 1 point The average newborn weighs pounds. 5 7½ 8½ 10 Question 4 1 / 1 point An assessment of the newborn’s appearance, pulse, reflex, activity, and breathing is called the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment. Apgar scale. Phenylketonuria or PKU screening. Appleton’s Neotatal Assessment of pulse and breathing. Question 5 1 / 1 point The various states of arousal and activity that an infant demonstrates are regulated by hormonal changes. neurological “firing.” an internal “clock.” the way their parents treat them. Question 6 1 / 1 point For how many hours a day does the average newborn sleep? 12 14 16 18 Question 7 1 / 1 point A healthy newborn can receive a maximum score of on the Apgar scale. 10 8 6 4 Question 8 1 / 1 point The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale examines oxygen content of the blood. color, pulse, and breathing. alertness, reflexes, and control. neurological maturity. Question 9 1 / 1 point Felicia is born after a seven-month gestation period. She is called a infant. postterm preterm small-for-date low-birth-weight Question 10 1 / 1 point The single greatest factor for low-birth-weight babies that could be prevented is caffeine. alcohol. smoking. dieting. Question 11 1 / 1 point An apparently normal infant who dies in his or her sleep probably suffered from sudden infant death syndrome. respiratory distress syndrome. hyaline membrane disease. Down syndrome. Question 12 1 / 1 point A possible cause of SIDS involves infants sleeping on their backs. on their sides. on their stomachs. throughout the night. Question 13 1 / 1 point Kumar learns first to hold up his head, then to raise his shoulders, and then to push with his feet. This demonstrates which principle of development? Proximodistal Simple-to-complex Maturational Cephalocaudal Question 14 1 / 1 point The pattern of development that proceeds from the central part of the body to the outer parts is proximodistal. cephalocaudal. simple-to-complex. general-to-specific. Question 15 1 / 1 point At about 3 or 4 months of age, infants begin grabbing and putting into their mouths whatever they can reach. This action is the start of the process of tasting. teething. eating. ingesting. Question 16 1 / 1 point The neonatal period is the first of life. four weeks eight weeks six months year Question 17 1 / 1 point The brain and spinal cord are both part of the nervous system. autonomic peripheral primary central Question 18 1 / 1 point Which brain region shows the most rapid growth during the first year of life? Cerebellum Brain stem Spinal cord Cerebrum Question 19 1 / 1 point The specialization in function of the hemispheres of the cerebrum is called compartmentalization. specialization. lateralization. hemispherization. Question 20 1 / 1 point The left hemisphere of the brain is primarily involved with visual and spatial functions. language and logical thinking. motor skills and locomotion. vision and hearing. Question 21 1 / 1 point Cells that support and protect the neurons are called axons. dendrites. glial cells. accessory cells. Question 22 0 / 1 point The nervous system’s communication links are called axons. neurons. dendrites. synapses. Question 23 1 / 1 point The coating of the neural pathways with a fatty substance, which results in more efficient processing of electrical signals, is called myelination. insulation. maturation. functionalization. Question 24 1 / 1 point A structure deep in the temporal lobe that plays a key role in memory and related functions is the thalamus. basil ganglia. hippocampus. cerebellum. Question 25 1 / 1 point Involuntary, automatic, innate responses to stimuli are called behaviors. automatic reflex unlearned response Quiz 5 Chapter 5 Question 1 1 / 1 point Little Mark plays with a balloon that pops in his face and frightens him. The next time he sees a balloon, he starts to cry. The type of learning illustrated in this example is called habituation. operant conditioning. classical conditioning. latent learning. Question 2 1 / 1 point Classically conditioned learning will fade or become extinct if it is not punished. reinforced. ignored. dishabituated. Question 3 1 / 1 point When a child learns to behave in a specific way in order to obtain a specific result, what is occurring? Habituation Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Social learning Question 4 1 / 1 point The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development produce a(n) IQ score. report of mental, motor, and behavioral development. developmental assessment that correlates with adult abilities. measure of reflex development. Question 5 1 / 1 point A systematic process of providing therapeutic and educational services to families that need help in meeting young children’s developmental needs is called natural child-rearing. infant support. early intervention. developmental priming. Question 6 1 / 1 point The first stage in Piaget’s cognitive theory is sensorimotor. preoperational. concrete operational. formal operational. Question 7 1 / 1 point Piaget called organized patterns of behavior operations. schemes. gestalts. circular reactions. Question 8 1 / 1 point Tertiary circular reactions involve doing three things at once. varying an action to see what will happen. repeating a behavior at least three times. manipulating symbols, including words. Question 9 1 / 1 point The ability to mentally represent and remember objects and events is object permanence. representational ability. developed early in infancy. not developed until Piaget’s concrete operations stage. Question 10 1 / 1 point The realization that a person or object continues to exist even when out of sight is called representational ability. primary circular reaction. coordination of secondary schemes. object permanence. Question 11 1 / 1 point A baby stops sucking to listen to a tone. Later, after the tone has been repeated frequently, the infant ignores it. This is an example of operant conditioning. classical conditioning. habituation. dishabituation. Question 12 1 / 1 point A baby, who has been given 100 presentations of a high-pitched tone, no longer reacts to the sound by stopping the sucking response. When a low-pitched tone is presented, the baby does stop sucking. This cessation of sucking caused by the new tone is called dishabituation. disinhibition. habituation. a conditioned response. Question 13 1 / 1 point Research on visual-recognition memory demonstrates that very young infants pay more attention to familiar patterns than to new ones. pay more attention to new patterns than to familiar ones. cannot discriminate new patterns from familiar patterns. show no consistency in the attention they give to new and familiar patterns. Question 14 0 / 1 point is the principle “that allows people to predict and control their world.” Innate learning Violation of expectations Causality Information-processing ability Question 15 1 / 1 point During violation-of-expectations experiments, when an infant registers surprise at an “impossible” event, this suggests that the infant has developed superior visual recognition memory. object permanence. conservation of volume. a sense of egocentrism. Question 16 1 / 1 point Implicit memory seems to develop explicit memory. later than earlier than at about the same time as None of these Question 17 1 / 1 point Many aspects of cognition are believed to be under the control of or located in which area of the brain? Cerebellum Prefrontal cortex Medial temporal lobe Striatum Question 18 1 / 1 point The concept of guided participation was inspired by the theory of the zone of proximal development, which was postulated by Jean Piaget. Lev Vygotsky. Urie Bronfenbrenner. Noam Chomsky. Question 19 1 / 1 point A communication system based on words and grammar is called syntax. linguistics. language. social referencing. Question 20 1 / 1 point Prelinguistic speech communicates ideas. emotions. symbols. words. Question 21 1 / 1 point A baby who says “da-da-da-da” is babbling. using telegraphic speech. using a holophrase. using a language acquisition device. Question 22 1 / 1 point The basic sounds of an infant’s native language are called graphemes. phonemes. phonetics. morphemes. Question 23 1 / 1 point An example of telegraphic speech is “Cookie.” “Want cookie.” “I want a cookie.” “I want a chocolate chip cookie.” Question 24 1 / 1 point The phrase “Market went the to I” violates what aspect of language? Phonological rules Morphology Syntax Telegraphic Question 25 1 / 1 point June announces that she “drinked all the milk.” June is exhibiting overregularizing. overextending. underextending. use of holophrases. Quiz 6 Chapter 6 Question 1 1 / 1 point A relatively consistent blend of emotions, temperament, thoughts, and behaviors is a person’s sociological status. biological traits. environment. personality. Question 2 1 / 1 point Sadness, joy, and fear are examples of motivation. emotions. personality. environment. View Feedback Question 3 1 / 1 point Personality development intertwined with social relationships is what is meant by development. mobilization communication psychosocial explorative View Feedback Question 4 1 / 1 point Teresa is beginning to show signs that she is cognitively aware that she is a functioning human being, separate from the rest of her world. This is referred to as self-recognition. self-awareness. self-conceptualization. self-evaluation. View Feedback Question 5 1 / 1 point Pride, guilt, and shame are identified as the emotions of self-evaluation. self-love. self-awareness. self-consciousness. View Feedback stion 6 1 / 1 point The ability of a child to feel what another feels, or would be expected to feel, in a particular situation is called sympathy. prosocial behavior. guilt. empathy. View Feedback stion 7 1 / 1 point The brain has neurons that help a person mimic other people’s actions, called neurons. mirror cognitive hippocampal social awareness View Feedback stion 8 1 / 1 point A person’s characteristic way of approaching and reacting to people and situations defines that person’s personality. temperament. emotionality. behavior. View Feedback stion 9 1 / 1 point The ways in which we process information about other people refers to social knowledge. social understanding. social cognition. social comprehension View Feedback stion 10 1 / 1 point Irritability, irregular rhythms, and intense reactions are characteristics of which kind of temperament? Easy Difficult Slow-to-warm-up Artistic View Feedback stion 11 1 / 1 point “Goodness of fit” implies that parents should deal with problems of temperament by trying to change children’s temperament to match their own. letting children’s temperament create the family atmosphere and patterns. helping difficult children fit into the environment. helping children make some adaptations but essentially accepting their child’s temperament. View Feedback stion 12 1 / 1 point is a consistent and enduring characteristic of personality. Excitement Fear Boredom Temperament View Feedback stion 13 1 / 1 point Harlow and Zimmerman’s work with infant monkeys showed that the infants were most interested in receiving from surrogate mothers. food bodily contact visual stimulation maternal odors View Feedback stion 14 1 / 1 point According to Erikson, the first psychosocial crisis we face is that of autonomy versus shame and doubt. initiative versus guilt. basic trust versus basic mistrust. generativity versus stagnation. View Feedback stion 15 1 / 1 point Erikson’s work suggests that is a characteristic displayed by individuals who did not learn sufficient trust during the first stage of development. excessive anger lack of self-regulation difficulty forming close relationships a tendency toward negativism View Feedback stion 16 1 / 1 point Julie readily leaves her mother to explore her surroundings, occasionally looking toward or touching her mother. Julie appears to be securely attached. disorganized-disoriented. ambivalent. avoidant. View Feedback stion 17 1 / 1 point The ability of both infants and caregivers to respond appropriately to the signals about each other’s emotional states is known as secure attachment. mutual regulation. a facial paradigm. infant intimacy regulation. View Feedback stion 18 1 / 1 point According to Erikson, which crisis occurs during toddlerhood? Basic trust versus basic mistrust Initiative versus guilt Identity versus role confusion Autonomy versus shame and doubt View Feedback stion 19 1 / 1 point Socialization is defined as the process of learning socially approved behavior. developing family relationships. developing peer relationships. developing social skills. View Feedback stion 20 1 / 1 point The most important element in the quality of substitute child care is that of the caregiver. facilities. program. finances. View Feedback stion 21 1 / 1 point When discussing maltreatment of children by adults, injury to the body is classified as neglect. physical abuse. emotional maltreatment. inappropriate food. View Feedback stion 22 1 / 1 point Failure to meet a child’s basic needs is neglect. physical abuse. emotional maltreatment. sexual abuse. View Feedback stion 23 1 / 1 point Rejection, terrorization, and degradation are defined as neglect. physical abuse. emotional maltreatment. sexual abuse. View Feedback stion 24 1 / 1 point In terms of maltreatment, the most likely person to abuse a child is a parent. a sibling. a grandfather. an uncle. View Feedback stion 25 1 / 1 point The development of an enduring emotional tie between an infant and his or her caregiver is identified as avoidance. attachment. acceptance. attention. View Feedback Quiz 7 Chapter 7 stion 1 1 / 1 point Children who cannot recognize the sensation that their bladder is full often suffer from enuresis, which is commonly known as sleepwalking. sleeptalking. a neurological disturbance. bedwetting. View Feedback stion 2 1 / 1 point On occasion, Marcus, a 7-year-old, awakens abruptly from a deep sleep in a state of panic within an hour after falling asleep. His parents get him quieted down quickly, and he has no memory of the incident in the morning. Martin is probably experiencing nightmares. poor sleep patterns that need modification. sleep or night terrors. sleepwalking. View Feedback stion 3 1 / 1 point Gross motor coordination allows a child to scribble on paper. stack blocks. jump and hop. use scissors. View Feedback stion 4 1 / 1 point Joey is able to button his shirt and cut his food alone. Joey has developed fine motor skills. gross motor skills. handedness. None of these View Feedback stion 5 1 / 1 point Left handedness is more prevalent in girls. boys. both. neither. View Feedback stion 6 1 / 1 point Currently, which of the following causes the most deaths in childhood? Cancer Measles Accidents AIDS View Feedback stion 7 1 / 1 point Parental smoking increases the likelihood that young children may contract a number of medical problems, including which of the following? Pneumonia Delayed fine motor skills Vision impairment Delayed gross motor skills View Feedback stion 8 1 / 1 point One theory about the increase in food allergies among children is the environment is too dirty and kids react to it. there are more fresh and organic foods available. the foods tend to be less processed than in the past. the environment might be too clean, and children’s immune systems do not develop. View Feedback stion 9 1 / 1 point The symbolic function allows young children to think about things they can see. refer to mental representations of objects they have seen before. think abstractly. think logically. View Feedback stion 10 1 / 1 point When children repeat an action that they saw someone else perform at an earlier time, they are demonstrating deferred imitation. symbolic play. evidence of the sensorimotor stage. recognition memory. View Feedback stion 11 1 / 1 point Four-year-old Sarah tells her mother, “I told the wind to blow, so it made my kite fly.” This is an example of animism. inductive reasoning. egocentrism. decentration. View Feedback stion 12 1 / 1 point Focusing on only one aspect of a situation and neglecting others is called centration. decentering. conservation. irreversibility. View Feedback stion 13 1 / 1 point A child who cannot see something from another person’s perspective or point of view is showing centration. egocentrism. conservation. irreversibility. View Feedback stion 14 1 / 1 point Katina is being asked to repeat a random series of digits back to her psychologist. The psychologist is testing the limits of Katina’s memory. sensory working long-term executive View Feedback stion 15 1 / 1 point Jessica cannot bring out the information that was placed in memory. She is having trouble with encoding. storage. retrieval. retention. View Feedback stion 16 1 / 1 point What form of memory provides a storehouse of unlimited amounts of information for long periods of time? Sensory Working Short-term Long-term View Feedback stion 17 1 / 1 point On the first day of class, Sophie was asked to tell the class about her summer vacation. Which type of retrieval was Sophie using? Recognition Recall Script Encoding View Feedback stion 18 1 / 1 point According to Vygotsky, a child who is in the “zone of proximal development” is almost ready to perform a particular cognitive task independently. in a transition between sensorimotor and preoperational thought. able to perform certain cognition tasks at a later-than-normal age. physically close to the mother, who provides a secure base from which to explore. View Feedback stion 19 1 / 1 point Scaffolding is temporary parental support to enable a child to do a task. is most needed by children of high ability. reflects parents’ sensitivity to children’s competence. may need to become permanent. View Feedback stion 20 1 / 1 point The practical knowledge of how to use language to communicate is pragmatics. a linguistic dysfunction. preoperational language. overgeneralizing. View Feedback stion 21 1 / 1 point Speech intended to be understood by a listener is called imaginative speech. social speech. grammar. private speech. View Feedback stion 22 1 / 1 point In evaluating private speech, believed it represents egocentrism, and thought that it helped children to integrate thinking and speaking. Piaget; Piaget Vygotsky; Vygotsky Vygotsky; Piaget Piaget; Vygotsky View Feedback stion 23 1 / 1 point The development of fundamental skills that eventually lead to being able to read is called pre-literacy. emergent literacy. pseudo literacy. approximate literacy. View Feedback stion 24 1 / 1 point LearnSmart Questions The ability to recognize that people and objects remain the same despite a change in appearance is known as egocentrism. categorization. irreversibility. conservation. View Feedback stion 25 1 / 1 point LearnSmart Questions is the retention of information over time. Encoding Recall Retrieval Memory View Feedback Quiz Submissions - Quiz 8 Chapter 8 stion 1 1 / 1 point A system of descriptive and evaluative representations about the self is called self-concept. self-awareness. self-definition. ideal self. View Feedback stion 2 1 / 1 point When children talk about their own concrete, observable behaviors, they are providing their self- cognition. definition. efficacy. awareness. View Feedback stion 3 1 / 1 point When a 4-year-old boy is asked to describe himself, he will typically tell you about his relational self. real self. descriptive self. ideal self. View Feedback stion 4 1 / 1 point The judgment children make about their overall worth is their self-worth. self-concept. self-esteem. self-description. View Feedback stion 5 1 / 1 point According to Erikson, which of the following is the central issue of early childhood? Trust versus mistrust Autonomy versus shame and doubt Initiative versus guilt Identity versus role confusion View Feedback stion 6 1 / 1 point The virtue acquired through successful resolution of Erikson’s developmental crisis of initiative versus guilt is hope. purpose. trust. will. View Feedback stion 7 1 / 1 point Gender refers to role-learning. what it means to be male or female. identification with parents. friendship patterns between males and females. View Feedback stion 8 1 / 1 point Mike is becoming aware that he is a boy and that boys play with trucks and trains. He is developing a gender need. role. desire. All of these View Feedback stion 9 1 / 1 point According to , male competitiveness and aggressiveness and female nurturance develop during childhood as preparation for these adult roles. evolutionary theory biological theory behaviorism learning theory View Feedback stion 10 1 / 1 point According to Kohlberg, children learn their gender through identification with the same-sex parent. imitation of adult models, reinforcement for acceptable behaviors, and punishment for socially inappropriate behaviors. their own active mental classification and organization of behavior to be consistent with that cognitive image. maturation and hormonal changes due to puberty. View Feedback stion 11 1 / 1 point Social learning theory holds that a child identifies with a parent as a consequence of the phallic stage. after resolving the Electra or Oedipus complex. through observation and imitation, along with reinforcement. because of guilt associated with the stereotyping from parents. View Feedback stion 12 1 / 1 point According to social cognitive theory, parents are the only source of reinforcement of children’s behavior. parents and peers in combination influence socialization. children only learn socialization after they begin school. socialization is a complex system involving parents, peers, and other agents. View Feedback stion 13 1 / 1 point Play that involves repetitive muscular movements involving gross motor skills is called play. functional constructive pretend generic View Feedback stion 14 1 / 1 point Rich spends a considerable amount of his playtime making things out of blocks, coloring and painting, and making art projects. Rich is engaged in play. functional constructive pretend generic View Feedback stion 15 1 / 1 point A high level of solitary play may indicate that a child has high levels of maturity. a physical disability. experienced child abuse. high levels of passivity. View Feedback stion 16 1 / 1 point A method of molding character, teaching self-control, and encouraging acceptable behavior is called development. discipline. distrust. description. View Feedback stion 17 0 / 1 point If punishment is used, it is most effective when combined with no explanation. a full explanation. a short explanation. a postponed explanation, so that the child will have time to think about it. View Feedback stion 18 1 / 1 point Punishment that is consistent, immediate, and related to the offense is called punishment. prudent imprudent appropriate effective View Feedback stion 19 1 / 1 point According to your text, which technique is most effective to discipline a child? Corporal punishment Inductive reasoning Power assertion Withdrawal of love View Feedback stion 20 1 / 1 point Which kind of parental style emphasizes control and unquestioning obedience? Authoritarian Permissive Authoritative Egalitarian View Feedback stion 21 1 / 1 point Which kind of parent tends not to set rules but allows children to monitor their own behavior? Authoritarian Permissive Authoritative Neglectful View Feedback stion 22 1 / 1 point Prosocial behavior is motivated by concern for another person. motivated by reward and punishment. a form of social learning. the main goal of socialization. View Feedback stion 23 1 / 1 point LearnSmart Questions Which of the following is not a self-conscious emotion? Embarrassment Pride Fear Guilt View Feedback stion 24 1 / 1 point LearnSmart Questions Which of the following provides males and females with a framework of how they should think, act, and feel? Gender role Gender identity Gender bias Gender development View Feedback stion 25 1 / 1 point LearnSmart Questions What type of play involves imaginary components? Functional Stability Dramatic Play with rules Quiz Submissions - Quiz 9 Chapter 9 stion 1 1 / 1 point Ron is 10 years old. We can expect that the speed and efficiency of his brain processes will decrease. increase. not change. not filter out irrelevant information. View Feedback stion 2 1 / 1 point An important maturational change seen in the brain of school-age children in certain regions of the cerebral cortex is less density of gray matter. increased density of gray matter. no change in density of gray matter. decrease in white matter. View Feedback stion 3 1 / 1 point What are some contributors to children being overweight? Eating out more often with increased calorie consumption Increased time in front of the television and computer Less activity and less engagement in sports and physical play All of these View Feedback stion 4 1 / 1 point The most prevalent chronic illness in childhood is cancer. asthma. AIDS. vision problems. View Feedback stion 5 1 / 1 point What is the leading cause of death in middle childhood? Injury by accident Cancer HIV/AIDS Upper respiratory problems View Feedback stion 6 1 / 1 point A child who can think logically about the “here and now” but not abstractly is in which of Piaget’s stages? Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational View Feedback stion 7 1 / 1 point The ability to arrange objects according to some dimension, such as largest to smallest, is called class inclusion. seriation. transmitting. horizontal decalage. View Feedback stion 8 1 / 1 point Bob is shorter than Mary. Mary is shorter than Lisa. Which cognitive ability would Piaget say is required to understand that Bob is shorter than Lisa? Conservation Transitive inference Seriation Inductive reasoning View Feedback stion 9 1 / 1 point Lionel’s ability to wait until after dinner to ask for a cookie, instead of just grabbing one the minute they were ready, is an example of his improved executive functioning. diet. physical development. conservation skills. View Feedback stion 10 1 / 1 point Memory aids are one kind of encoding device. mnemonic strategy. metamemory. mental prop. View Feedback stion 11 1 / 1 point Repetition of information to be held in memory is called organization. elaboration. rehearsal. encoding. View Feedback stion 12 1 / 1 point Which memory strategy links items together in a story or scene? Organization Elaboration Rehearsal Retrieval View Feedback stion 13 1 / 1 point The saying “In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue” is an example of elaboration. rehearsal. mnemonic. metamemory. View Feedback stion 14 1 / 1 point The most widely used individually administered IQ test is the Otis-Lennon School Ability Test. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III). View Feedback stion 15 1 / 1 point Tests that include knowledge or skills more familiar and meaningful to some culture groups and not others are considered culture biased. fair. general. common. View Feedback stion 16 1 / 1 point defines successful intelligence as the skills and knowledge needed for success within a particular social and cultural context. Howard Gardner Robert Sternberg Jean Piaget David Elkind View Feedback stion 17 1 / 1 point Howard Gardner believes people have relatively independent kinds of intelligence, and that traditional IQ tests measure of them. 3; 2 15; 7 5; 1 8; 3 View Feedback stion 18 1 / 1 point The rules by which words are organized into phrases and sentences are called syntax. code switching. transitive constructions. mnemonics. View Feedback stion 19 1 / 1 point During the school years, the practical use of language, or , develops. code switching semantics syntax pragmatics View Feedback stion 20 1 / 1 point Paula scores high in self-efficacy. This means that Paula is at risk for improving metacognitive skills. is likely to hold false beliefs about her ability to master her environment. believes that she can regulate her own learning. has a skill that is only helpful if she does not have a learning disability. View Feedback stion 21 1 / 1 point Which parenting style seems to promote high-achieving children? Authoritarian Permissive Authoritative Obligatory View Feedback stion 22 1 / 1 point Congress adopted an act to improve educational accountability, parental options, and local flexibility. This act is called No Student Left Behind. No Child Left Behind. No Student Will Fail. No Child Will Fail. View Feedback stion 23 1 / 1 point Intellectual disability is indicated by an IQ below 55. 60. 65. 70. View Feedback stion 24 1 / 1 point A developmental reading disorder in which reading achievement is substantially below the expected level predicted by IQ or age is dyscalculia. dementia. agraphia. dyslexia. View Feedback stion 25 1 / 1 point The criterion most commonly used to identify gifted children eligible for special programs is creative thinking. talent in science, mathematics, art, or music. IQ scores. early development of language. Quiz Submissions - Quiz 10 Chapter 10 stion 1 1 / 1 point In the neo-Piagetian scheme of self-concept development, the third stage of development, which begins around 7 or 8 years of agVe,ieinwvolvFeesethdebaabcilikty to form stion 2 1 / 1 point The major contributor to self-esteem is self-denial. social support from parents, peers, and teachers. coordination of personal and social demands. physical appearance. View Feedback stion 3 1 / 1 point Erikson’s developmental crisis of middle childhood (from about 6 to 12 years) is trust versus mistrust. autonomy versus shame and doubt. industry versus inferiority. identity versus role confusion. View Feedback stion 4 1 / 1 point By middle childhood it appears that empathy decreases with most children. becomes “hard wired” with most children. increases in a few children if they had empathic parents. is at the same level as it was in early childhood. View Feedback stion 5 1 / 1 point A child who is aggressive, starts fights, is hostile, and is disobedient is displaying behaviors. internalizing externalizing prosocial self-regulation View Feedback stion 6 1 / 1 point A child caring for himself or herself at home without adult supervision is engaged in self-control. self-care. self-esteem. self-discipline. View Feedback stion 7 1 / 1 point Children who have experienced parental divorce do better if they have emotional support and contact with both parents. have limited contact with the noncustodial parent to avoid conflicts. reside with grandparents who can negotiate with both parents. live with their mother rather than father. View Feedback stion 8 1 / 1 point The most common arrangement for children following divorce is to live with their mother. father. grandparents. same-sex parent. View Feedback stion 9 1 / 1 point Traditionally, information about adoptions, especially the identity of the birth mother, was kept secret. In recent years, the adoption parties have shared information or had direct contact. This process is called adoption. shared open direct communicative View Feedback stion 10 1 / 1 point Children choose peers that are closest to themselves in age. ethnicity. demographics. All of these View Feedback stion 11 1 / 1 point Based on measures of sociometric popularity, a child who receives many positive nominations would be classified as popular. rejected. neglected. average. View Feedback stion 12 1 / 1 point Negative attitudes toward certain groups are referred to as prejudice. discrimination. segregation. hatred. View Feedback stion 13 1 / 1 point Children of parents tend to be more popular that those whose parents use other styles. authoritarian authoritative permissive manipulative View Feedback stion 14 1 / 1 point According to Selman, most school-age children are at which stage of friendship? 1—one-way assistance 2—two-way fair-weather cooperation 3—intimate, mutually shared relationships 4—autonomous interdependence View Feedback stion 15 1 / 1 point Children whose tendency is to see other children as trying to hurt them and then strike out in retaliation are showing hostility. hostile attribution bias. dominance. aggression bias. View Feedback stion 16 1 / 1 point A major conclusion from research of the effects of newer, interactive media, such as video games and the Internet, is that effects of child-initiated virtual violence is more profound than those of passive media (e.g., TV). that effects of passive media are more profound than child-initiated virtual violence. that there are no differences in passive media and child-initiated virtual violence. that child-initiated virtual violence has positive emotional effects on school-age children. View Feedback stion 17 1 / 1 point Roxanne just posted embarrassing photos of her ex-best friend on several social media sites. Roxanne is engaging in cyberbullying. proactive bullying. reactive bullying. overt aggression. View Feedback stion 18 1 / 1 point Marcus starts yelling at the kids sitting at the table beside him at lunch because he believes they are making fun of him. Marcus is engaging in cyberbullying. proactive bullying. reactive bullying. relational aggression. View Feedback stion 19 1 / 1 point A pattern of defiance and hostility toward adult authority lasting at least six months is called conduct disorder. oppositional defiant disorder. bipolar disorder. fear of leaving one’s mother. View Feedback stion 20 1 / 1 point Extreme fear and/or avoidance of social situations is known as school phobia. depression. social phobia. anxiety. View Feedback stion 21 1 / 1 point There are children in the classroom who worry about just about everything: grades, being on time, threats of war, tornados, etc. These children may suffer from social phobia. school phobia. obsessive-compulsive disorder. generalized anxiety disorder. View Feedback stion 22 1 / 1 point Katherine cries a great deal, is often tired, seems unable to concentrate or have fun, has no friends, and is doing poorly in school. She probably has separation anxiety disorder. school phobia. childhood depression. acting-out disorder. View Feedback stion 23 1 / 1 point Which type of therapy is based on learning theory? Individual Family Behavior Drug View Feedback stion 24 1 / 1 point In recent years, the use of drug therapy to treat children has in the United States. been legalized greatly increased diminished largely been eliminated because of concern about abuse View Feedback stion 25 1 / 1 point LearnSmart Questions Behavior therapy uses principles of learning to change or eliminate undesirable and develop desirable ones. behaviors thoughts manners cognitions Quiz Submissions - Quiz 11 Chapter 11 stion 1 1 / 1 point Adolescence was created by nature. society. poets. the media. View Feedback stion 2 1 / 1 point The process that leads to sexual maturity is puberty. puberty rites. adolescence. the secular trend. View Feedback stion 3 1 / 1 point The initial origin of the hormonal changes that cause puberty begins with the pituitary. hypothalamus. thyroid. lacrimal. View Feedback stion