Summary Cases
PGZ2026
Public Health in International Context
Academic year: 2020-2021
1
,Index
Case 1: International burden of disease .................................................................................... 3
Case 2 International Health Organizations .............................................................................. 21
Case 3 Mental health in global perspective ............................................................................. 46
Case 4 Tobacco at the international level ................................................................................ 62
Case 5 Climate change and human health ............................................................................... 81
2
,Case 1: International burden of disease
Problem statement: What is the international burden of disease?
Learning goals
1. What is public health, why is it important and how can it be studied on an international and
global scale?
2. How can public health be advanced?
3. What are DALYs, QUALYs and HEALYs? (there will be a lecture on this topic)
a. What are they used for?
4. What are communicable and non-communicable diseases?
a. Top communicable diseases
b. Top non-communicable diseases
5. What are the top 20 largest ‘killers’ in the world?
a. Where does tuberculosis stand in the list?
i. Define tuberculosis
ii. Why is tuberculosis so important for public health?
6. What are health risks that can influence disease?
a. What are some of the world’s leading health risks that need attention from the
World Health Organization?
7. How does the burden of disease change along with the level of economic development?
a. Developing nations, nations in transition, developed nations.
8. How does income inequality impact life expectancy, both at the individual and at the
population level?
Learning goals
1. What are the 20 largest killers currently?
1. Background information
2. Differences between (developed/nations in transition/developing) nations?
3. Which have the highest mortality, etc.
2. Details on Tuberculosis
1. what is it, symptoms, incidence, prevalence, treatments
3. What are DALYs, QALYs and HEALYs used for?
4. What are communicable and non-communicable diseases?
5. What are the major inequities in global health?
- What is being done to address them?
- How is it related to burden of disease (e.g. with tuberculosis)
6. Make a distinction between health risk and diseases?
7. Where can valuable and accurate data be found relating to measures of disease (incidence,
prevalence, mortality, morbidity)?
*for future tutorials, keep track of origins of sources and data to answer learning goals
Extra learning goal: What is public health, why is it important and how can it be
studied on an international and global scale?
Source: Detels
Public health = the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health
through the organized efforts of society.
→ This definition underscores the broad scope of public health and the fact that public health is the
result of society’s effort as a whole, rather than that of single individuals.
3
, → Goal: the biologic, physical, and mental well-being of all members of society regardless of gender,
wealth, ethnicity, sexual orientation, country, or political views.
To achieve this broad, challenging goal, public health professionals engage in a wide range of
functions involving technology, social sciences, and politics. Public health professionals utilize these
functions to anticipate and prevent future problems, identify current problems, identify appropriate
strategies to resolve these problems, implement these strategies, and finally, evaluate their
effectiveness.
Functions of public health
Public health is concerned with the process of mobilizing local, state/provincial, national, and
international resources to assure the conditions in which all
people can be healthy (Detels and Breslow 2002). To
successfully implement this process and to make health for
all achievable, public health must perform the functions
listed below:
➔ ENGELS ZIE PLAATJE
1. Voorkom ziekte en de uitbreiding daarvan, en
verwondingen
2. Promoten van een gezonde leefstijl en goede
gezondheidsgewoontes zodat iedereen tot zijn
maximum kan functioneren.
3. Identificeer, meet, monitor en anticipeer de
gezondheidsbehoeften van een community
(surveillance van risicofactoren en ziektes)
4. Onderzoek en diagnosticeer gezondheidsproblemen,
microbiologische en chemische gevaren
geïncludeerd.
5. Formuleer, promoot en versterk essentieel
gezondheidsbeleid om ziekte te voorkomen en te
controleren en om factoren die de gezondheid van
de gemeenschap verminderen te verminderen.
6. Organiseer en verzeker publieke gezondheid en
gezondheidsdiensten van hoge kwaliteit en kosteneffectief.
7. Verminder gezondheidsverschillen en verzeker toegang tot zorg voor iedereen
8. Promoot en bescherm een gezonde omgeving
9. Verspreid gezondheidsinfo en mobiliseer gemeenschappen om juiste acties te nemen
10. Plan en bereid voor op natuurlijke en door de mens veroorzaakte rampen
11. Verminder de impact van interpersoonlijk geweld en agressieve oorlog.
12. Voor onderzoek uit en evalueer gezondheidsbevorderings- en ziektevoorkomende strategieën.
13. Ontwikkel nieuwe methodes voor onderzoek en evaluatie
14. Train en verzeker een competent publiek gezondheidspersoneel.
Public health identifies, measures, and monitors health needs and trends at the community,
national, and global levels through surveillance of disease and risk factor (e.g. smoking) trends.
Analysis of these trends and the existence of a functioning health information system provides the
essential information for pre- dicting or anticipating future community health needs.
In order to ensure the health of the population, it is necessary to formulate, promote, and enforce
sound health policies to prevent and control disease, and to reduce the prevalence of factors
impairing the health of the community.
4
PGZ2026
Public Health in International Context
Academic year: 2020-2021
1
,Index
Case 1: International burden of disease .................................................................................... 3
Case 2 International Health Organizations .............................................................................. 21
Case 3 Mental health in global perspective ............................................................................. 46
Case 4 Tobacco at the international level ................................................................................ 62
Case 5 Climate change and human health ............................................................................... 81
2
,Case 1: International burden of disease
Problem statement: What is the international burden of disease?
Learning goals
1. What is public health, why is it important and how can it be studied on an international and
global scale?
2. How can public health be advanced?
3. What are DALYs, QUALYs and HEALYs? (there will be a lecture on this topic)
a. What are they used for?
4. What are communicable and non-communicable diseases?
a. Top communicable diseases
b. Top non-communicable diseases
5. What are the top 20 largest ‘killers’ in the world?
a. Where does tuberculosis stand in the list?
i. Define tuberculosis
ii. Why is tuberculosis so important for public health?
6. What are health risks that can influence disease?
a. What are some of the world’s leading health risks that need attention from the
World Health Organization?
7. How does the burden of disease change along with the level of economic development?
a. Developing nations, nations in transition, developed nations.
8. How does income inequality impact life expectancy, both at the individual and at the
population level?
Learning goals
1. What are the 20 largest killers currently?
1. Background information
2. Differences between (developed/nations in transition/developing) nations?
3. Which have the highest mortality, etc.
2. Details on Tuberculosis
1. what is it, symptoms, incidence, prevalence, treatments
3. What are DALYs, QALYs and HEALYs used for?
4. What are communicable and non-communicable diseases?
5. What are the major inequities in global health?
- What is being done to address them?
- How is it related to burden of disease (e.g. with tuberculosis)
6. Make a distinction between health risk and diseases?
7. Where can valuable and accurate data be found relating to measures of disease (incidence,
prevalence, mortality, morbidity)?
*for future tutorials, keep track of origins of sources and data to answer learning goals
Extra learning goal: What is public health, why is it important and how can it be
studied on an international and global scale?
Source: Detels
Public health = the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health
through the organized efforts of society.
→ This definition underscores the broad scope of public health and the fact that public health is the
result of society’s effort as a whole, rather than that of single individuals.
3
, → Goal: the biologic, physical, and mental well-being of all members of society regardless of gender,
wealth, ethnicity, sexual orientation, country, or political views.
To achieve this broad, challenging goal, public health professionals engage in a wide range of
functions involving technology, social sciences, and politics. Public health professionals utilize these
functions to anticipate and prevent future problems, identify current problems, identify appropriate
strategies to resolve these problems, implement these strategies, and finally, evaluate their
effectiveness.
Functions of public health
Public health is concerned with the process of mobilizing local, state/provincial, national, and
international resources to assure the conditions in which all
people can be healthy (Detels and Breslow 2002). To
successfully implement this process and to make health for
all achievable, public health must perform the functions
listed below:
➔ ENGELS ZIE PLAATJE
1. Voorkom ziekte en de uitbreiding daarvan, en
verwondingen
2. Promoten van een gezonde leefstijl en goede
gezondheidsgewoontes zodat iedereen tot zijn
maximum kan functioneren.
3. Identificeer, meet, monitor en anticipeer de
gezondheidsbehoeften van een community
(surveillance van risicofactoren en ziektes)
4. Onderzoek en diagnosticeer gezondheidsproblemen,
microbiologische en chemische gevaren
geïncludeerd.
5. Formuleer, promoot en versterk essentieel
gezondheidsbeleid om ziekte te voorkomen en te
controleren en om factoren die de gezondheid van
de gemeenschap verminderen te verminderen.
6. Organiseer en verzeker publieke gezondheid en
gezondheidsdiensten van hoge kwaliteit en kosteneffectief.
7. Verminder gezondheidsverschillen en verzeker toegang tot zorg voor iedereen
8. Promoot en bescherm een gezonde omgeving
9. Verspreid gezondheidsinfo en mobiliseer gemeenschappen om juiste acties te nemen
10. Plan en bereid voor op natuurlijke en door de mens veroorzaakte rampen
11. Verminder de impact van interpersoonlijk geweld en agressieve oorlog.
12. Voor onderzoek uit en evalueer gezondheidsbevorderings- en ziektevoorkomende strategieën.
13. Ontwikkel nieuwe methodes voor onderzoek en evaluatie
14. Train en verzeker een competent publiek gezondheidspersoneel.
Public health identifies, measures, and monitors health needs and trends at the community,
national, and global levels through surveillance of disease and risk factor (e.g. smoking) trends.
Analysis of these trends and the existence of a functioning health information system provides the
essential information for pre- dicting or anticipating future community health needs.
In order to ensure the health of the population, it is necessary to formulate, promote, and enforce
sound health policies to prevent and control disease, and to reduce the prevalence of factors
impairing the health of the community.
4
