NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology

NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam Review A potentially lethal condition in which there is an acute elevation of circulating thyroid hormones is called _______________ ANS: Thyroid storm In adrenocortical deficiency, the most severe manifestations are related to inadequate quantities of the hormone ____________________. ANS: Cortisol/aldosterone Classic manifestations seen with Cushing’s syndrome include: ANS: Moon face, buffalo hump, purple striae, pendulous abdomen, increased body and facial hair The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is _____________ in the area where the glands are located. ANS: surgery/radiation therapy (damage) Manifestations of hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism are related to excessive or insufficient amounts of serum ____________. ANS: calcium A patient with hyperparathyroidism would be likely to present with: ANS: kidney stones, cardiac disturbances, muscle cramps A potentially life-threatening finding in hyperparathyroidism is ________________. ANS: laryngospasm The primary intervention for Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) is the restriction of __________________ intake. ANS: Fluid (free water) Diabetes insipidus is characterized by: ANS: Hypo ADH, retain sodium Pheochromocytoma is a rare, life-threatening disease characterized by __________________. ANS: Hypertension True or false: Drug therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus is the replacement of insulin, which is absent from the body. ANS: False True or false: One of the classic clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus is increased appetited, called polydipsia. ANS: False, increased thirst True or false: The primary source of energy for muscle tissue in the fasting or resting state is free fatty acids. ANS: True True or false: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may take both oral agents and injectables. ANS: True True or false: A significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus is obesity. ANS: True Microvascular complications occurring with chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus include: ANS: retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy Macrovascular complications occurring with chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus include: ANS: CVD, stroke, peripheral artery disease Signs or symptoms of hypoglycemia include: ANS: Diaphoretic, snoring respiration, weak, confusion, pallor, irritability Signs or symptoms of hyperglycemia include: ANS: Headache, urination (frequent), polyuria, polyphasia, polydipsia Measures of glycoxylated hemoglobin, such as hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), are used to monitor blood glucose control over the past _________ days. ANS: 120 What is acute gastritis most commonly associated with overuse of in Western countries? ANS: NSAIDs, ETOH alcohol, tobacco