HUM 201 Ethics final exam New completed with All Correct Answers

HUM 201Ethics final exam Question 1 3 out of 3 points The difference between teleological and deontological is that: Selected Answer: Deontological is focused of intention and teleological is focused on consequence. Correct Answer: Deontological is focused of intention and teleological is focused on consequence. Response Feedback: Correct! The difference is that deontological is focused of intention and teleological is focused on consequence.  Question 2 3 out of 3 points People who argue that abortions lead to a lack of adoptable babies are basing their argument on Selected Answer: utilitariani sm. Correct Answer: utilitariani sm. Response Feedback: Correct! People who argue that abortions lead to a lack of adoptable babies are basing their argument on utilitarianism.  Question 3 3 out of 3 points According to John Rawls, social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are Selected Answer: the greatest beneft of the least advantaged. Correct Answer: the greatest beneft of the least advantaged. Response Feedback: Correct! According to John Rawls, social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are the greatest beneft of the least advantaged.  Question 4 0 out of 3 points Laissez-faire capitalism is an argument for which of the following?Selected Answer: Ethical egoism Correct Answer: Psychological egoism Response Feedback: That is incorrect. Laissez-faire capitalism is an argument for psychological egoism.  Question 5 3 out of 3 points Utilitarians might encourage the development of virtue for which of the following reasons? Selected Answer: Virtues are conducive to the maximization of happiness. Correct Answer: Virtues are conducive to the maximization of happiness. Response Feedback: Correct! Utilitarians might encourage the development of virtue because virtues are conducive to the maximization of happiness.  Question 6 3 out of 3 points When doing methaethics, we Selected Answer: analyze the meaning of moral language. Correct Answer: analyze the meaning of moral language. Response Feedback: Correct! When doing methaethics, we analyze the meaning of moral language.  Question 7 3 out of 3 points If ethical relativism is true, the other person’s moral views cannot be better than mine in an objective sense, because Selected Answer: there is no objectively better position. CorrectAnswer: there is no objectively better position. Response Feedback: Correct! Ethical relativism reasons that there is no objectively better position.  Question 8 3 out of 3 points How can human rights be grounded in natural rights theory? Selected Answer: They may be viewed as fundamental rights that are more basic and essential than those granted by any state or international body. Correct Answer: They may be viewed as fundamental rights that are more basic and essential than those granted by any state or international body. Response Feedback: Correct! Human rights can be grounded in natural rights theory because they may be viewed as fundamental rights that are more basic and essential than those granted by any state or international body.  Question 9 0 out of 3 points Utilitarians can be criticized for which of the following? Selected Answer: Advocating social inequality since the happiness of some is worth more than others’ total misery. Correct Answer: Failing to provide a basis for personal integrity; a lie to relieve suffering might be acceptable. Response Feedback: That is incorrect. Utilitarians can be criticized for failing to provide a basis for personal integrity: a lie to relieve suffering might be acceptable.  Question 10 3 out of 3 points Which of the following best describes Ethics? Selected Answer: A branch of philosophy that uses reason to support positions. Correct Answer: A branch of philosophy that uses reason tosupport positions. Response Feedback: Correct! A branch of philosophy that uses reason to support positions best describes ethics.  Question 11 3 out of 3 points How did the Nuremberg trials reflect the natural law tradition? Selected Answer: In the Nuremberg trials, prosecutors argued that there was a higher law that all should recognize and take precedence over state laws. Correct Answer: In the Nuremberg trials, prosecutors argued that there was a higher law that all should recognize and take precedence over state laws. Response Feedback: Correct! The Nuremberg trials reflect natural law because prosecutors argued that there was a higher law that all should recognize and take precedence over state laws.  Question 12 3 out of 3 points Ethical theory does which of the following? Selected Answer: Provides reasons for judging actions to be right or wrong. Correct Answer: Provides reasons for judging actions to be right or wrong. Response Feedback: Correct! Ethical theory provides reasons for judging actions to be right or wrong.  Question 13 3 out of 3 points Sentience refers to an animal's ability to Selected Answer: feel emotion Correct Answer: feel emotion Response Feedback: Correct! Sentience refers to an animal's ability to feel emotion. Question 14 3 out of 3 points For psychological egoism to be valid, we must show people: Selected Answer: act with an aim of achieving selfsatisfaction. Correct Answer: act with an aim of achieving selfsatisfaction. Response Feedback: Correct! For psychological egoism to be valid, we must show people act with an aim of achieving self-satisfaction.  Question 15 3 out of 3 points Which of the following is the best example of the categorical imperative? Selected Answer: If everyone practiced homosexual sex, there would be no children. Correct Answer: If everyone practiced homosexual sex, there would be no children. Response Feedback: Correct! If everyone practiced homosexual sex, there would be no children is the best example of the categorical imperative.  Question 16 3 out of 3 points One similarity between Act Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism is that Selected Answer: both emphasize ends or consequences over moral duties. Correct Answer: both emphasize ends or consequences over moral duties. Response Feedback: Correct! One similarity between Act Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism is that both emphasize ends or consequences over moral duties.  Question 17 3 out of 3 points What type of euthanasia is the person requesting who says the following? “Even though the results would probably be good and the side-effects minimal, I don’t want to receive any life-saving or life-prolonging measures—I just want to let the disease take its course.” Selected Answer: Voluntary passive euthanasia, withholding ordinary measures. Correct Answer: Voluntary passive euthanasia, withholding ordinary measures. Response Feedback: Correct! The patient requests voluntary passive euthanasia, withholding ordinary measures.  Question 18 0 out of 3 points The opposite of complete prescriptive cultural relativism is Selected Answer: moral objectivism. Correct Answer: moral absolutism. Response Feedback: That is incorrect. The opposite of complete prescriptive cultural relativism is moral absolutism.  Question 19 3 out of 3 points Why might Kant approve of the contemporary doctrine of informed consent? Selected Answer: It pushes researchers to respect the rational autonomy of research subjects, no matter how important the goal of the study. Correct Answer: It pushes researchers to respect the rational autonomy of research subjects, no matter how important the goal of the study. Response Feedback: Correct! Kant might approve of the contemporary doctrine of informed consent because it pushes researchers to respect the rational autonomy of research subjects.  Question 20 3 out of 3 points Metaethics is largely about studying: Selected Answer:the meanings of ethical language. Correct Answer: the meanings of ethical language. Response Feedback: Correct! Metaethics is largely about studying the meanings of ethical language.  Question 21 0 out of 3 points Utilitarians can be criticized for which of the following? Selected Answer: advocating social inequality since the happiness of some is worth more than others’ total misery. Correct Answer: failing to provide a basis for personal integrity: a lie to relieve suffering might be acceptable. Response Feedback: That is incorrect. Utilitarians can be criticized for failing to provide a basis for personal integrity: a lie to relieve suffering might be acceptable.  Question 22 3 out of 3 points To suggest that abortion may be less immoral in Kenya than in Germany is based on Selected Answer: relativis m. Correct Answer: relativis m. Response Feedback: Correct! To suggest that abortion may be less immoral in Kenya than in Germany is based on relativism.  Question 23 3 out of 3 points The argument that human personhood begins at conception and humans should not be used for scientifc research is founded in Selected Answer: the categorical imperative. CorrectAnswer: the categorical imperative. Response Feedback: Correct! The argument that human personhood begins at conception and humans should not be used for scientifc research is founded in the categorical imperative.  Question 24 0 out of 3 points Rule utilitarians are very concerned with Selected Answer: personal preferences. Correct Answer: general practices. Response Feedback: That is incorrect. Rule utilitarians are very concerned with general practices.  Question 25 3 out of 3 points "It is unjust to treat people differently in ways that deny to some of them signifcant social benefts unless we can show that there is a difference between them that is relevant to the differential treatment." This quote supports the principle of Selected Answer: equali ty Correct Answer: equali ty Response Feedback: Correct! This quote supports the principle of equality.  Question 26 3 out of 3 points Ethics requires skillful reasoning. Which of the following is not important to making a good argument? Selected Answer: The argument leads to the right conclusion. Correct Answer: The argument leads to the rightconclusion. Response Feedback: Correct! The argument leads to the right conclusion is not important to making a good argument.  Question 27 3 out of 3 points All of the following are used to evaluate ethical egoism except: Selected Answer: effectiveness in satisfying individual interest. Correct Answer: effectiveness in satisfying individual interest. Response Feedback: Correct! Effectiveness in satisfying individual interest is not used to evaluate ethical egoism.  Question 28 3 out of 3 points According to individual ethical egoism, one should: Selected Answer: do what is in one's self interest. Correct Answer: do what is in one's self interest. Response Feedback: Correct! According to individual ethical egoism, one should do what is in one's self interest.  Question 29 3 out of 3 points For Kant, motive is more important than which of the following? Selected Answer: Consequen ces Correct Answer: Consequen ces Response Feedback: Correct! Kant believed motive is more important than consequences.  Question 30 3 out of 3 points Utilitarians could be accused of treating people as which of the following?Selected Answer: mea ns Correct Answer: mea ns Response Feedback: Correct! Utilitarians could be accused of treating people as means.  Question 31 3 out of 3 points Which moral philosopher thought we learned virtue mainly by habit and the repetition of virtuous actions? Selected Answer: Aristot le Correct Answer: Aristot le Response Feedback: Correct! Aristotle thought we learned virtue mainly by habit and the repetition of virtuous actions.  Question 32 0 out of 3 points Reasoning that supports terrorism tends to be Selected Answer: deontologic al Correct Answer: consequenti alist Response Feedback: That is incorrect. Reasoning that supports terrorism tends to be consequentialist.  Question 33 3 out of 3 points Epistemiology, important in constructing good ethical arguments, is the philosophy of Selected Answer: knowled ge. CorrectAnswer: knowled ge. Response Feedback: Correct! Epistemiology is the study of knowledge.  Question 34 3 out of 3 points To suggest that sex is only acceptable between consenting adults would rely on Selected Answer: Kantian ethics. Correct Answer: Kantian ethics. Response Feedback: Correct! To suggest that sex is only acceptable between consenting adults would rely on Kantian ethics.  Question 35 3 out of 3 points Natural law theorists might criticize cultural relativism by arguing for which of the following claims? Selected Answer: Natural laws are universal and stable. Correct Answer: Natural laws are universal and stable. Response Feedback: Correct! Natural law theorists might criticize cultural relativism by arguing that natural laws are universal and stable.  Question 36 0 out of 3 points According to utilitarianism, which of the following is useful for evaluating the morality of an action? Selected Answer: People's intentions Correct Answer: The result Response That is incorrect. According to utilitarianism, the result isFeedback: useful for evaluating the morality of an action.  Question 37 3 out of 3 points All of the following are reasons an economy fails to embrace meritocracy except Selected Answer: scholarships tend to go to the brightest people. Correct Answer: scholarships tend to go to the brightest people. Response Feedback: Correct! Scholarships tend to go to the brightest people is not a reason an economy fails to embrace meritocracy.  Question 38 0 out of 3 points ____ is a nonconsequential consideration for active voluntary euthanasia. Selected Answer: Shortage of medical facilities Correct Answer: Autonomy Response Feedback: That is incorrect. Autonomy is a nonconsequential consideration for active voluntary euthanasia.  Question 39 0 out of 3 points The "playing God" argument against cloning Selected Answer: is religious in nature. Correct Answer: is not necessarily a religious argument. Response Feedback: That is incorrect. The "playing God" argument against cloning is not necessarily a religious argument.  Question 40 0 out of 3 points The frst form of the categorical imperative requires us to act on those maxims that we can will as which of the following? Selected Answer: hypotheticallaw Correct Answer: a universal law Response Feedback: That is incorrect. The frst form of the categorical imperative requires us to act on those maxims that we can will as a universal law.  Question 41 3 out of 3 points Studies show capital crime rates in states that regularly execute compared with states that do not have capital punishment is Selected Answer: about 40% higher. Correct Answer: about 40% higher. Response Feedback: Correct! Studies show capital crime rates in states that regularly execute compared with states that do not have capital punishment is about 40% higher.  Question 42 3 out of 3 points Strong ethical relativism holds that Selected Answer: there is no objective right and wrong. Correct Answer: there is no objective right and wrong. Response Feedback: Correct! Strong ethical relativism holds that there is no objective right and wrong.  Question 43 3 out of 3 points A perspective that holds that humans alone have intrinsic worth or value is called Selected Answer: anthropocen tric. CorrectAnswer: anthropocen tric. Response Feedback: Correct! A perspective that holds that humans alone have intrinsic worth or value is called anthropocentric.  Question 44 0 out of 3 points A Kantian could argue that we should develop virtues in ourselves and others because: Selected Answer: the categorical imperative is equally concerned with consequences and intentions. Correct Answer: it would make our behavior more universally willable, and less likely to involve the use of others for selfsh ends. Response Feedback: That is incorrect. A Kantian could argue that we should develop virtues in ourselves and others because it would make our behavior more universally willable, and less likely to involve the use of others for selfsh ends.  Question 45 0 out of 3 points Which of the following is not mentioned as a result of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund? Selected Answer: Drove local banks out of business. Correct Answer: Led to international terrorism. Response Feedback: That is incorrect. Let to international terrorism is not mentioned as a consequence of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.  Question 46 3 out of 3 points Virtue Ethics helps us determine: Selected Answer: how we ought to be. Correct Answer: how we oughtto be. Response Feedback: Correct! Virtue Ethics helps us determine how we ought to be.  Question 47 0 out of 3 points What is the biggest problem in the process of determining utility or what will lead to the greatest happiness for the greatest number in any given case or policy decision? Selected Answer: Determining who counts in the tally of happiness, and how much each pleasure counts. Correct Answer: Figuring out if the result really is attainable, will result in happiness, and for whom exactly. Response Feedback: That is incorrect. The biggest problem is fguring out if the result really is attainable, will result in happiness, and for whom exactly.  Question 48 3 out of 3 points The terms “right” and “wrong” usually apply to Selected Answer: actio n. Correct Answer: actio n. Response Feedback: Correct! The terms “right” and “wrong” usually apply to action.  Question 49 3 out of 3 points From the anthropocentric perspective the idea that we should curtail human activities to preserve a nonhuman species is generally anchored in which of our ethical theories? Selected Answer: Utilitariani sm Correct Answer: Utilitariani smResponse Feedback: Correct! From the anthropocentric perspective the idea that we should curtail human activities to preserve a nonhuman species is generally anchored in utilitarianism.  Question 50 3 out of 3 points The fact that having capital punishment "on the table" causes many people to confess to crimes in order to have death "taken off the table" is what kind of ethical reasoning? Selected Answer: utilitariani sm Correct Answer: utilitariani sm Response Feedback: Correct! This displays utilitarianism ethical reasoning.