NEUR 1202 - Terminology - 2021
A
Action potential: how neurons send signals, generated at axon hillock and spread to terminal
buttons. +30mv. Temporary positive charge. Spreads depolarization
Adaptive immune sys: Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells names because they develop
in the Thymus.
Anterior: front
Autonomic: contains sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system
(PNS)
Afferent nerves: (incoming) sensory nerves that carry info from organs to CNS
Amygdala: ‘almond’ involved in fear, aggression, and emotionally charged memories
Axon: carries info to be passed onto other cells
Axon hillock: junction of the cell body and axon, where the action potential begins
B
Basal ganglia: involved in controlling movement, learning, memory and learning habits.
Consists of caudate nucleus & putamen = striatum, globus pallidus and substantia nigra
Brainstem: comprises the deep structures of the brain. Connects brain to spinal cord. Critical
for sustaining life (3 regions; diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain)
C
Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid (CFS): fills ventricles and circulates around the brain and spinal cord
Cell body: core region, contains the nucleus and DNA
Cerebral cortex: brain’s outer layer of gray matter, part of a larger structure called the
cerebrum. Site of our higher level functions, consciousness and many other important things (4
lobes)
Cerebrum: ‘brain’ major structure of the forebrain consisting of 2 virtually identical hemispheres
Cerebellum: ‘little brain’ involved in motor coordination, and possibly other mental processes
Corpus callosum: ‘firm body.’ connects the two cerebral hemispheres, allowing both sides of
brain to work together
Cingulate cortex: ‘encircling/belt.’ involved in emotional processing and memory
Cytokines: The various branches of the immune system communicate with each other using
chemical messengers called cytokines
D
Diagnosis: which illness is it?
A
Action potential: how neurons send signals, generated at axon hillock and spread to terminal
buttons. +30mv. Temporary positive charge. Spreads depolarization
Adaptive immune sys: Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells names because they develop
in the Thymus.
Anterior: front
Autonomic: contains sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system
(PNS)
Afferent nerves: (incoming) sensory nerves that carry info from organs to CNS
Amygdala: ‘almond’ involved in fear, aggression, and emotionally charged memories
Axon: carries info to be passed onto other cells
Axon hillock: junction of the cell body and axon, where the action potential begins
B
Basal ganglia: involved in controlling movement, learning, memory and learning habits.
Consists of caudate nucleus & putamen = striatum, globus pallidus and substantia nigra
Brainstem: comprises the deep structures of the brain. Connects brain to spinal cord. Critical
for sustaining life (3 regions; diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain)
C
Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid (CFS): fills ventricles and circulates around the brain and spinal cord
Cell body: core region, contains the nucleus and DNA
Cerebral cortex: brain’s outer layer of gray matter, part of a larger structure called the
cerebrum. Site of our higher level functions, consciousness and many other important things (4
lobes)
Cerebrum: ‘brain’ major structure of the forebrain consisting of 2 virtually identical hemispheres
Cerebellum: ‘little brain’ involved in motor coordination, and possibly other mental processes
Corpus callosum: ‘firm body.’ connects the two cerebral hemispheres, allowing both sides of
brain to work together
Cingulate cortex: ‘encircling/belt.’ involved in emotional processing and memory
Cytokines: The various branches of the immune system communicate with each other using
chemical messengers called cytokines
D
Diagnosis: which illness is it?
