Pediatric ATI

Pediatric ATI Chapter 1 Parenting styles • Chapter 2 Physical assessment findings • Chapter 3 Infants • Separation • Object permanence – around 9m • Mental representation • 3-5 words by 1yr • Concept of no Chapter 4 Toddlers Chapter 5 Preschoolers • Chapter 6 School-age children • Chapter 7 Adolescents (12-20) • Girls stop growing 2-2.5 years after their period starts • Boys stop growing around 18-20 • Sexual maturation in girls: o Breast development o Pubic hair growth o Underarm hair o Period • Sexual maturation in boys: o Testicular enlargement o Pubic hair o Penile enlargement o Underarm hair growth o Facial hair o Vocal changes • Paget’s cog development – formal operations • Erikson’s: identity vs role confusion • Video games, music, sports, pets, reading • Immunizations o Flu o 16-18 – meningitis (before college) • Injury prevention – helmet use, seat belts, driving, substance abuse Chapter 8 Safe med admin • Oral is preferred, smallest measuring device possible, don’t mix oral meds in formula • Put in side of mouth, hold cheeks, and stroke chin to swallow • Ear drops <3: pinna down and back • Injections (IM) o Preferred route is visits lateralis •ventral gluteal or in the deltoid o 22-25g with half inch to 1-inch needle • IV – procedure room; away from bed – EMLA cream to numb the area is recommended o Avoid terms like bee sting or stick o Keep stuff out of site o Parents can stay o Swaddle the infant o Non-nutritive sucking is offered before, during, and after to infants Chapter 9 Pain management • Self-report is only used for children 4 and older • FLACC scale: 2m – 7 years o Pain rate on a scale of 0-10 & assessing behaviors of the child • FACES: 3 years and older • Ocher scale: 3-13 years • Numeric scale: 5 and older • Use play therapy to explain procedures • Give medications to kids routinely vs prn • Combining opioid and non-opioid meds • EMLA cream •1 hour prior to small stick or 2.5 hours for a big stick o Occlusive dressing over Chapter 10 Hospitalization, illness, and play • Infant o Stanger anxiety 6-18m • Toddler o Behavior may regress o Separation anxiety o Intense reaction to procedures o Parallel play • Preschooler o Magical thinking •may think they caused an illness to happen o Still experience separation anxiety o Explain the procedure in very simple clear language, give them a choice if possible (cup or spoon) o Associative play – play together without much organization • School age child o Describe pain and increased ability to understand cause and effect o Give factual info, tell the truth, encourage contact with peer group, and express feelings o Cooperative play; play in groups/more organized • Adolescent o Body image disturbance o Feel isolated from peers o Give factual info, tell the truth, encourage contact with peer group, and express feelings o Friends can come visit Chapter 11 Death and dying • Anticipatory grief – when death is expected or a possible outcome • Complicated grief – extends for more than 1 year following the