PEDS 602 Heart Defects Practice Questions + Answers - Complete A+ Guide for Exam Preparation

PDA 1. You're caring for a 2-day-old infant with a large patent ductus arteriosus. The mother of the infant is anxious and asks you to explain her child's condition to her again. Which statement below BEST describes this condition?  A. "The vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary vein has closed prematurely, which is leading to increased blood flow to the lungs."  B. "The vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery has failed to close at birth, which is leading to a left-to-right shunt of blood."  C. The vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary vein has failed to close at birth, which is leading to a right-to-left shunt of blood."  D. "The vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery has closed prematurely, which is leading to a left-to-right shunt of blood." 2. As the nurse you know which statements below are correct about the ductus arteriosus? Select all that apply:  A. "The ductus arteriosus is a structure that should be present in all babies in utero."  B. "The ductus arteriosus normally closes about 3 days after birth or sooner."  C. "The purpose of the ductus arteriosus is to help carry blood that is entering the left side of the heart to the rest of the body, hence bypassing the lungs."  D. "The ductus arteriosus connects the aorta to the pulmonary vein." 3. While assessing a newborn’s heart sounds you note a loud murmur at the left upper sternal border. You report this to the physician who suspects the infant may have patent ductus arteriosus. The physician asks you to obtain a pulse pressure. If patent ductus arteriosus is present, the pulse pressure would be ___________.  A. Narrow  B. Fluctuating  C. Wide  D. Normal 4. As noted in the previous question, a loud murmur was noted during assessment of a newborn with patent ductus arteriosus. As the nurse you know that what type of murmur is a hallmark sign of this condition?  A. harsh, loud systolic murmur  B. soft, blowing diastolic murmur  C. systolic and diastolic machinery-like murmur  D. machinery-like murmur present on only diastole 5. You’re working on a unit that provides specialized cardiac care to the pediatric population. Which patient below would be the best candidate for Indomethacin from the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus?  A. A 25-year-old adult  B. A premature infant  C. An 8 month old child  D. A 12 year old child 6. You’re working in the NICU providing care to a neonate who has a large patent ductus arteriosus. Which finding during your head-totoe assessment would require you to immediately notify the physician?  A. Loud, harsh continuous murmur  B. Abnormal pulse pressure  C. Crackles  D. Diaphoresis when feeding 7. You’re providing education to the parents of a child who has a patent ductus arteriosus. The parents want to know the complications of this condition. In your education, you will include which of the following complications of PDA? Select all that apply:  A. Heart failure  B. Pulmonary hypertension  C. Recurrent lung infections  D. Clubbing of the fingernails  E. Endocarditis  F. Pulmonary stenosis