SOCIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026/2027 UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE
◉ Material deprivation. Answer: Lacking basic necessities due to
poverty.
◉ Cultural deprivation. Answer: Inadequate socialisation in the home.
◉ Material deprivation's effects on education. Answer: 90% of failing
schools are in deprived areas. Dpt of Education (2012) barely 1/3 of
students eligible for free school meals achieve 5 or more GCSE's at
A*-C. These students are more likely to be excluded and truant.
◉ Effects of housing on educational achievement. Answer: Direct -
overcrowding makes it difficult for a child to study, disturbed sleep
from sharing beds or rooms. Indirect - effects on health and welfare
e.g. children in crowded house run a greater risk of having an
accident. Cold or damp house leads to infections or illness.
◉ Effects of diet and health on educational achievement. Answer:
Howard (2001) kids from poorer homes have a lower intake of
energy, vitamins and minerals. Wilkinson (1999) kids from poorer
backgrounds are more likely to have emotional/ behavioural
, problems. Blanden and Machin (2007) found children from poorer
backgrounds more likely to engage in fights or temper tantrums.
◉ University and social class. Answer: Callender and Jackson (2005)
w/c students more likely to see debt negatively.
◉ Bernstein (1973). Answer: w/c students underachieve because they
are socialised into a restricted language code whereas schools favour
an elaborated language code which middle class students are
socialised into.
◉ Marketization. Answer: process of introducing market forces of
consumer choice and competition in education.
◉ Bernstein and Young (1967). Answer: better educated parents have
higher incomes and spend them on promoting education to their
children, via educational trips or toys.
◉ Douglas (1964). Answer: w/c parents place less value on education
- less ambitious for their children and give them less encouragement.
◉ Bourdieu (1984). Answer: cultural capital refers to the knowledge,
tastes, language, attitudes and values of the middle class.
◉ Gillborn and Youdell (2001). Answer: teachers label students based
on stereotypical assumptions of their class worth, they also argue that
labelling leads to a self fulfilling prophecy
ANSWERS 2026/2027 UPDATED STUDY
GUIDE
◉ Material deprivation. Answer: Lacking basic necessities due to
poverty.
◉ Cultural deprivation. Answer: Inadequate socialisation in the home.
◉ Material deprivation's effects on education. Answer: 90% of failing
schools are in deprived areas. Dpt of Education (2012) barely 1/3 of
students eligible for free school meals achieve 5 or more GCSE's at
A*-C. These students are more likely to be excluded and truant.
◉ Effects of housing on educational achievement. Answer: Direct -
overcrowding makes it difficult for a child to study, disturbed sleep
from sharing beds or rooms. Indirect - effects on health and welfare
e.g. children in crowded house run a greater risk of having an
accident. Cold or damp house leads to infections or illness.
◉ Effects of diet and health on educational achievement. Answer:
Howard (2001) kids from poorer homes have a lower intake of
energy, vitamins and minerals. Wilkinson (1999) kids from poorer
backgrounds are more likely to have emotional/ behavioural
, problems. Blanden and Machin (2007) found children from poorer
backgrounds more likely to engage in fights or temper tantrums.
◉ University and social class. Answer: Callender and Jackson (2005)
w/c students more likely to see debt negatively.
◉ Bernstein (1973). Answer: w/c students underachieve because they
are socialised into a restricted language code whereas schools favour
an elaborated language code which middle class students are
socialised into.
◉ Marketization. Answer: process of introducing market forces of
consumer choice and competition in education.
◉ Bernstein and Young (1967). Answer: better educated parents have
higher incomes and spend them on promoting education to their
children, via educational trips or toys.
◉ Douglas (1964). Answer: w/c parents place less value on education
- less ambitious for their children and give them less encouragement.
◉ Bourdieu (1984). Answer: cultural capital refers to the knowledge,
tastes, language, attitudes and values of the middle class.
◉ Gillborn and Youdell (2001). Answer: teachers label students based
on stereotypical assumptions of their class worth, they also argue that
labelling leads to a self fulfilling prophecy
