NR 328 PEDIATRIC NURSING FINAL
EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS 2026
1. A 4-month-old infant with Tetralogy of Fallot experiences a hypercyanotic (‘Tet’) spell
during a blood draw. Which action should the nurse prioritize?
A. Administer high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.
B. Place the infant in a knee-chest position.
C. Administer a bolus of intravenous normal saline.
D. Prepare for immediate administration of morphine sulfate.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance,
which reduces the right-to-left shunt and improves pulmonary blood flow during a Tet
spell.
2. A nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child following a tonsillectomy. Which finding most
indicates a potential postoperative complication?
A. Complaints of a sore throat and ear pain.
B. Refusal to drink orange juice.
C. A low-grade fever of 100.2°F (37.9°C).
,D. Frequent swallowing and clearing of the throat.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Frequent swallowing or throat clearing is a classic sign of
bleeding from the surgical site in a child post-tonsillectomy.
3. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which task is primary for a
child in the school-age years (6 to 12 years)?
A. Achieving a sense of industry versus inferiority.
B. Establishing a sense of identity versus role confusion.
C. Developing a sense of autonomy versus shame.
D. Learning initiative versus guilt.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: School-age children focus on mastering new skills and tasks;
failure to achieve these results in a sense of inferiority.
4. A 2-year-old is admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which nursing intervention is
contraindicated?
A. Placing the child in a tripod position.
B. Obtaining a throat culture with a sterile swab.
C. Administering humidified oxygen.
D. Monitoring continuous pulse oximetry.
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Inspecting the throat or taking a culture in a child with
suspected epiglottitis can trigger a complete airway obstruction due to laryngospasm.
5. An infant is diagnosed with pyloric stenosis. What clinical manifestation should the nurse
expect to observe?
A. Projectile vomiting after feedings.
B. Currant jelly-like stools.
C. Abdominal distention and ribbon-like stools.
D. Bile-stained vomitus and diarrhea.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Pyloric stenosis is characterized by non-bilious projectile
vomiting due to the hypertrophied pyloric muscle obstructing the gastric outlet.
6. A child is being treated for Nephrotic Syndrome. Which of the following is a hallmark
clinical finding of this condition?
A. Massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia.
B. Gross hematuria and hypertension.
C. Elevated serum potassium and low sodium.
D. Increased urinary output and glycosuria.
Answer: A
EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS 2026
1. A 4-month-old infant with Tetralogy of Fallot experiences a hypercyanotic (‘Tet’) spell
during a blood draw. Which action should the nurse prioritize?
A. Administer high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.
B. Place the infant in a knee-chest position.
C. Administer a bolus of intravenous normal saline.
D. Prepare for immediate administration of morphine sulfate.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance,
which reduces the right-to-left shunt and improves pulmonary blood flow during a Tet
spell.
2. A nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child following a tonsillectomy. Which finding most
indicates a potential postoperative complication?
A. Complaints of a sore throat and ear pain.
B. Refusal to drink orange juice.
C. A low-grade fever of 100.2°F (37.9°C).
,D. Frequent swallowing and clearing of the throat.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Frequent swallowing or throat clearing is a classic sign of
bleeding from the surgical site in a child post-tonsillectomy.
3. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which task is primary for a
child in the school-age years (6 to 12 years)?
A. Achieving a sense of industry versus inferiority.
B. Establishing a sense of identity versus role confusion.
C. Developing a sense of autonomy versus shame.
D. Learning initiative versus guilt.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: School-age children focus on mastering new skills and tasks;
failure to achieve these results in a sense of inferiority.
4. A 2-year-old is admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which nursing intervention is
contraindicated?
A. Placing the child in a tripod position.
B. Obtaining a throat culture with a sterile swab.
C. Administering humidified oxygen.
D. Monitoring continuous pulse oximetry.
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Inspecting the throat or taking a culture in a child with
suspected epiglottitis can trigger a complete airway obstruction due to laryngospasm.
5. An infant is diagnosed with pyloric stenosis. What clinical manifestation should the nurse
expect to observe?
A. Projectile vomiting after feedings.
B. Currant jelly-like stools.
C. Abdominal distention and ribbon-like stools.
D. Bile-stained vomitus and diarrhea.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Pyloric stenosis is characterized by non-bilious projectile
vomiting due to the hypertrophied pyloric muscle obstructing the gastric outlet.
6. A child is being treated for Nephrotic Syndrome. Which of the following is a hallmark
clinical finding of this condition?
A. Massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia.
B. Gross hematuria and hypertension.
C. Elevated serum potassium and low sodium.
D. Increased urinary output and glycosuria.
Answer: A
