Portage Learning BIOD 121 Essentials in Nutrition Final
Exam | Latest Update 2026/2027 | 200 Questions and
Verified Answers | Complete Q&A Guide | A+ Graded
Question 1
Nutrition is best defined as the science that links food to:
A) Exercise performance
B) Health and disease
C) Agriculture and farming
D) Food production and marketing
Answer: B
Explanation: Nutrition encompasses the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, and
excretion of food substances, and examines how these relate to health and the prevention of disease.
Question 2
Which of the following is classified as a macronutrient?
A) Vitamin C
B) Water
C) Iron
D) Zinc
Answer: B
,Explanation: Macronutrients are required in large amounts and include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,
and water. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients needed in smaller quantities.
Question 3
A nutrient that does NOT provide energy (calories) is:
A) Carbohydrate
B) Protein
C) Fat
D) Water
Answer: D
Explanation: Water provides no calories. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are energyyielding nutrients.
Water is essential for life but does not contribute to caloric intake.
Question 4
What is the difference between hunger and appetite?
A) Hunger is external; appetite is internal
B) Hunger is the internal drive to find and eat food; appetite is the external drive that encourages us to
find and eat food
C) Hunger and appetite are the same thing
D) Hunger is psychological; appetite is physiological
,Answer: B
Explanation: Hunger is the internal drive to find and eat food, related to the negative sensations caused
by lack of food. Appetite is the external drive that encourages us to find and eat food, related to the
pleasurable sensations involved with eating food we enjoy.
Question 5
Which of the following is an example of an external cognitive force that can influence eating habits?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Stomach contractions
C) Advertising
D) Low blood sugar
Answer: C
Explanation: External cognitive forces that influence eating habits include habits, comfort foods,
advertising, social factors, and nutritional value. These are environmental and psychological influences
rather than physiological drives.
Question 6
The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to:
A) Build muscle tissue
B) Provide energy
C) Insulate the body
, D) Transport oxygen
Answer: B
Explanation: The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy for the body. Carbohydrates are
the body's preferred and most readily available source of fuel.
Question 7
Which of the following is the simplest form of carbohydrate?
A) Starch
B) Glycogen
C) Glucose
D) Fiber
Answer: C
Explanation: Glucose is the simplest form of carbohydrate (a monosaccharide). It is the primary sugar
used by the body for energy and is the building block for more complex carbohydrates.
Question 8
What is the recommended daily percentage of total calories that should come from carbohydrates
according to the Dietary Guidelines?
A) 1015%
B) 2035%
Exam | Latest Update 2026/2027 | 200 Questions and
Verified Answers | Complete Q&A Guide | A+ Graded
Question 1
Nutrition is best defined as the science that links food to:
A) Exercise performance
B) Health and disease
C) Agriculture and farming
D) Food production and marketing
Answer: B
Explanation: Nutrition encompasses the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, and
excretion of food substances, and examines how these relate to health and the prevention of disease.
Question 2
Which of the following is classified as a macronutrient?
A) Vitamin C
B) Water
C) Iron
D) Zinc
Answer: B
,Explanation: Macronutrients are required in large amounts and include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,
and water. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients needed in smaller quantities.
Question 3
A nutrient that does NOT provide energy (calories) is:
A) Carbohydrate
B) Protein
C) Fat
D) Water
Answer: D
Explanation: Water provides no calories. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are energyyielding nutrients.
Water is essential for life but does not contribute to caloric intake.
Question 4
What is the difference between hunger and appetite?
A) Hunger is external; appetite is internal
B) Hunger is the internal drive to find and eat food; appetite is the external drive that encourages us to
find and eat food
C) Hunger and appetite are the same thing
D) Hunger is psychological; appetite is physiological
,Answer: B
Explanation: Hunger is the internal drive to find and eat food, related to the negative sensations caused
by lack of food. Appetite is the external drive that encourages us to find and eat food, related to the
pleasurable sensations involved with eating food we enjoy.
Question 5
Which of the following is an example of an external cognitive force that can influence eating habits?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Stomach contractions
C) Advertising
D) Low blood sugar
Answer: C
Explanation: External cognitive forces that influence eating habits include habits, comfort foods,
advertising, social factors, and nutritional value. These are environmental and psychological influences
rather than physiological drives.
Question 6
The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to:
A) Build muscle tissue
B) Provide energy
C) Insulate the body
, D) Transport oxygen
Answer: B
Explanation: The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy for the body. Carbohydrates are
the body's preferred and most readily available source of fuel.
Question 7
Which of the following is the simplest form of carbohydrate?
A) Starch
B) Glycogen
C) Glucose
D) Fiber
Answer: C
Explanation: Glucose is the simplest form of carbohydrate (a monosaccharide). It is the primary sugar
used by the body for energy and is the building block for more complex carbohydrates.
Question 8
What is the recommended daily percentage of total calories that should come from carbohydrates
according to the Dietary Guidelines?
A) 1015%
B) 2035%
