NURS 5315 Exam
NURS 5315 Exam 3 Comprehensive Practice
Test Bank – a Review of 550+ Questions and
Correct Answers on Cardiovascular,
Pulmonary, and Neuro/ NURS 5315 Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam 3 Prep ()
Which of the following ABG results indicates UNCOMPENSATED metabolic
alkalosis?
A) pH 7.52, PaCO2 40, HCO3- 30
B) pH 7.30, PaCO2 55, HCO3- 24
C) pH 7.38, PaCO2 50, HCO3- 29
D) pH 7.48, PaCO2 30, HCO3- 24
A) pH 7.52, PaCO2 40, HCO3- 30
A post-surgical patient is hypoventilating and SpO2 is dropping. ABG shows:
-pH 7.28
-PaCO2 62
-HCO3- 25
A+ TEST BANK 1
, NURS 5315 Exam
What is the primary acid-base disturbance?
A) Metabolic acidosis — HCO3- is consumed
B) Respiratory acidosis — CO2 is retained from hypoventilation
C) Compensated metabolic alkalosis
D) Mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis
B) Respiratory acidosis — CO2 is retained from hypoventilation
A patient presents with the following ABG results: pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30 mm Hg, HCO₃⁻ 24 mEq/L. The
patient is experiencing anxiety and rapid breathing. What acid-base imbalance is present? Why?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Rationale: The pH is elevated (>7.45), indicating alkalosis. The PaCO₂ is decreased (<38 mm Hg), indicating
a respiratory cause. The HCO₃⁻ is normal, suggesting an acute, uncompensated respiratory alkalosis.
Hyperventilation from anxiety causes excessive CO₂ elimination, leading to decreased carbonic acid and
increased pH.
A patient with prolonged vomiting has the following ABG: pH 7.48, PaCO₂ 46 mm Hg, HCO₃⁻ 32 mEq/L.
What is the primary acid-base disturbance?
A. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
B. Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
C. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
D. Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
B. Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
A nurse is caring for a patient with respiratory alkalosis caused by hyperventilation from acute pain.
What is the most appropriate initial intervention?
A. Administer sodium bicarbonate
B. Encourage slow, controlled breathing
C. Increase oxygen flow rate
D. Prepare for mechanical ventilation
A+ TEST BANK 2
, NURS 5315 Exam
B. Encourage slow, controlled breathing
Which term refers to a type of nephron? Select all that apply.
A. Juxtamedullary
B. Glomerular
C. Midcortical
D. Corpuscle
E. Mesangial
A. Juxtamedullary
C. Midcortical
Which term describes the kidney structure that contains collecting ducts?
A. Hilum
B. Calyces
C. Medulla
D. Pyramids
D. Pyramids
Which term describes the structure that carries urine from a person's bladder to the exterior of the
body?
A. Ureter
B. Urethra
C. Trigone
D. Urinary meatus
B. Urethra
Which term is used to describe the four to eight vessels arranged in a fist like structure that arise from
the afferent arteriole?
A Vasa recta
B. Arcuate arteries
C. Interlobar arteries
D. Glomerular capillaries
A+ TEST BANK 3
, NURS 5315 Exam
D. Glomerular capillaries
Which term describes the capillaries surrounding the proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the
loop of Henle?
A Renal papillae
B Arcuate arteries
C Peritubular capillaries
D Glomerular capillaries
C Peritubular capillaries
Which term describes the structural unit of the kidney that is composed of a pyramid and the overlying
cortex?
A Lobe
B Nephron
C Glomerulus
D Bowman capsule
A Lobe
Which term describes the phenomenon of carrier molecules for glucose becoming saturated in the
renal tubules and the excess glucose being excreted in the urine?
A Transport maximum
B Glomerulotubular balance
C Countercurrent exchange system
D Decreased glomerular filtration rate
A Transport maximum
Which part of the loop of Henle is highly permeable to water?
A Distal
B Proximal
C Ascending
D Descending
D Descending
Which hormone inhibits sodium and water resorption from the medullary part of the collecting duct
and produces diuresis?
A Urodilatin
B Vitamin D
A+ TEST BANK 4
NURS 5315 Exam 3 Comprehensive Practice
Test Bank – a Review of 550+ Questions and
Correct Answers on Cardiovascular,
Pulmonary, and Neuro/ NURS 5315 Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam 3 Prep ()
Which of the following ABG results indicates UNCOMPENSATED metabolic
alkalosis?
A) pH 7.52, PaCO2 40, HCO3- 30
B) pH 7.30, PaCO2 55, HCO3- 24
C) pH 7.38, PaCO2 50, HCO3- 29
D) pH 7.48, PaCO2 30, HCO3- 24
A) pH 7.52, PaCO2 40, HCO3- 30
A post-surgical patient is hypoventilating and SpO2 is dropping. ABG shows:
-pH 7.28
-PaCO2 62
-HCO3- 25
A+ TEST BANK 1
, NURS 5315 Exam
What is the primary acid-base disturbance?
A) Metabolic acidosis — HCO3- is consumed
B) Respiratory acidosis — CO2 is retained from hypoventilation
C) Compensated metabolic alkalosis
D) Mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis
B) Respiratory acidosis — CO2 is retained from hypoventilation
A patient presents with the following ABG results: pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30 mm Hg, HCO₃⁻ 24 mEq/L. The
patient is experiencing anxiety and rapid breathing. What acid-base imbalance is present? Why?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Rationale: The pH is elevated (>7.45), indicating alkalosis. The PaCO₂ is decreased (<38 mm Hg), indicating
a respiratory cause. The HCO₃⁻ is normal, suggesting an acute, uncompensated respiratory alkalosis.
Hyperventilation from anxiety causes excessive CO₂ elimination, leading to decreased carbonic acid and
increased pH.
A patient with prolonged vomiting has the following ABG: pH 7.48, PaCO₂ 46 mm Hg, HCO₃⁻ 32 mEq/L.
What is the primary acid-base disturbance?
A. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
B. Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
C. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
D. Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
B. Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
A nurse is caring for a patient with respiratory alkalosis caused by hyperventilation from acute pain.
What is the most appropriate initial intervention?
A. Administer sodium bicarbonate
B. Encourage slow, controlled breathing
C. Increase oxygen flow rate
D. Prepare for mechanical ventilation
A+ TEST BANK 2
, NURS 5315 Exam
B. Encourage slow, controlled breathing
Which term refers to a type of nephron? Select all that apply.
A. Juxtamedullary
B. Glomerular
C. Midcortical
D. Corpuscle
E. Mesangial
A. Juxtamedullary
C. Midcortical
Which term describes the kidney structure that contains collecting ducts?
A. Hilum
B. Calyces
C. Medulla
D. Pyramids
D. Pyramids
Which term describes the structure that carries urine from a person's bladder to the exterior of the
body?
A. Ureter
B. Urethra
C. Trigone
D. Urinary meatus
B. Urethra
Which term is used to describe the four to eight vessels arranged in a fist like structure that arise from
the afferent arteriole?
A Vasa recta
B. Arcuate arteries
C. Interlobar arteries
D. Glomerular capillaries
A+ TEST BANK 3
, NURS 5315 Exam
D. Glomerular capillaries
Which term describes the capillaries surrounding the proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the
loop of Henle?
A Renal papillae
B Arcuate arteries
C Peritubular capillaries
D Glomerular capillaries
C Peritubular capillaries
Which term describes the structural unit of the kidney that is composed of a pyramid and the overlying
cortex?
A Lobe
B Nephron
C Glomerulus
D Bowman capsule
A Lobe
Which term describes the phenomenon of carrier molecules for glucose becoming saturated in the
renal tubules and the excess glucose being excreted in the urine?
A Transport maximum
B Glomerulotubular balance
C Countercurrent exchange system
D Decreased glomerular filtration rate
A Transport maximum
Which part of the loop of Henle is highly permeable to water?
A Distal
B Proximal
C Ascending
D Descending
D Descending
Which hormone inhibits sodium and water resorption from the medullary part of the collecting duct
and produces diuresis?
A Urodilatin
B Vitamin D
A+ TEST BANK 4
