NURS 5315 Exam 3
Comprehensive Practice Test
Bank – a Review of 550+
Questions and Correct Answers
on Cardiovascular, Pulmonary,
and Neuro/ NURS 5315
Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 3 Prep.
A patient with cirrhosis develops
dilutional hyponatremia. Which
pathophysiological mechanism best
explains this finding?
A) Increased aldosterone secretion
leading to sodium retention
B) Splanchnic vasodilation stimulating
non-osmotic arginine vasopressin
release
,C) Decreased glomerular filtration rate
causing sodium loss
D) Increased atrial natriuretic peptide
secretion
Correct Answer: B) Splanchnic
vasodilation stimulating non-osmotic
arginine vasopressin release
Rationale: In cirrhosis, splanchnic
vasodilation reduces effective arterial
blood volume, stimulating non-
osmotic arginine vasopressin (AVP)
release via baroreceptors. AVP
increases water reabsorption in the
collecting duct, leading to dilutional
hyponatremia .
A 45-year-old with recurrent calcium
oxalate kidney stones has
hypercalciuria. Which renal transport
,abnormality most likely contributes to
stone formation?
A) Decreased expression of NHE3 in
the proximal tubule
B) Increased activity of ROMK in the
thick ascending limb
C) Increased expression of CaSR in the
thick ascending limb leading to
reduced paracellular calcium
reabsorption
D) Increased activity of NKCC2 in the
thick ascending limb
Correct Answer: C) Increased
expression of CaSR in the thick
ascending limb leading to reduced
paracellular calcium reabsorption
Rationale: Hypercalciuria in idiopathic
calcium stone formers is often due to
increased calcium-sensing receptor
(CaSR) activation in the thick
, ascending limb, which inhibits
paracellular calcium reabsorption,
leading to more calcium in the urine .
Which best describes the role of the
unfolded protein response (UPR) in
type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis?
A) UPR activation in pancreatic beta
cells promotes insulin secretion by
increasing protein folding capacity
B) Chronic UPR activation in beta cells
leads to apoptosis via CHOP induction,
contributing to beta-cell failure
C) UPR in adipocytes enhances insulin
sensitivity by reducing ER stress
D) UPR in hepatocytes increases
gluconeogenesis through XBP1s
activation
Comprehensive Practice Test
Bank – a Review of 550+
Questions and Correct Answers
on Cardiovascular, Pulmonary,
and Neuro/ NURS 5315
Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 3 Prep.
A patient with cirrhosis develops
dilutional hyponatremia. Which
pathophysiological mechanism best
explains this finding?
A) Increased aldosterone secretion
leading to sodium retention
B) Splanchnic vasodilation stimulating
non-osmotic arginine vasopressin
release
,C) Decreased glomerular filtration rate
causing sodium loss
D) Increased atrial natriuretic peptide
secretion
Correct Answer: B) Splanchnic
vasodilation stimulating non-osmotic
arginine vasopressin release
Rationale: In cirrhosis, splanchnic
vasodilation reduces effective arterial
blood volume, stimulating non-
osmotic arginine vasopressin (AVP)
release via baroreceptors. AVP
increases water reabsorption in the
collecting duct, leading to dilutional
hyponatremia .
A 45-year-old with recurrent calcium
oxalate kidney stones has
hypercalciuria. Which renal transport
,abnormality most likely contributes to
stone formation?
A) Decreased expression of NHE3 in
the proximal tubule
B) Increased activity of ROMK in the
thick ascending limb
C) Increased expression of CaSR in the
thick ascending limb leading to
reduced paracellular calcium
reabsorption
D) Increased activity of NKCC2 in the
thick ascending limb
Correct Answer: C) Increased
expression of CaSR in the thick
ascending limb leading to reduced
paracellular calcium reabsorption
Rationale: Hypercalciuria in idiopathic
calcium stone formers is often due to
increased calcium-sensing receptor
(CaSR) activation in the thick
, ascending limb, which inhibits
paracellular calcium reabsorption,
leading to more calcium in the urine .
Which best describes the role of the
unfolded protein response (UPR) in
type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis?
A) UPR activation in pancreatic beta
cells promotes insulin secretion by
increasing protein folding capacity
B) Chronic UPR activation in beta cells
leads to apoptosis via CHOP induction,
contributing to beta-cell failure
C) UPR in adipocytes enhances insulin
sensitivity by reducing ER stress
D) UPR in hepatocytes increases
gluconeogenesis through XBP1s
activation
