Patho Final Exam Study Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hl5o5e
1. A couple has just learned that A) "This is something that your child may have inher-
their newborn infant has been di- ited from one or both of you."
agnosed with osteogenesis imper-
fecta, and they have responded by --- Osteogenesis imperfecta can be inherited as an
seeking out as much information as autosomal recessive or dominant trait; environmental
possible about their child's diagno- factors are not thought to cause the disease. It is not
sis. What should the clinician teach self-limiting, and there is no known cure.
the couple about their child's health
problem?
2. When discussing digestion with a B) The mouth with ptyalin and amylase breaking down
group of nursing students, the in- starches
structor asks, "Where does the di-
gestion of our food begin?" The --- Saliva performs three roles: lubrication, antimi-
most accurate student response crobial protection, and initiation of starch digestion.
would be: Saliva contains ptyalin and amylase, which initiate the
digestion of dietary starches. The other portions of the
GI tract aid in digestion, but all begins in the mouth.
3. . A client with a pathophysiologic Desmosomes are a type of cell junction common in
condition that affects the desmo- epithelium. Failure of epithelial desmosomes results
somes is most likely to exhibit: in the inappropriate separation of adjacent cells.
4. While caring for a client who has Your white blood cells are not able to leave the blood
just been diagnosed with leuko- vessels and move into the area of infection."
cyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), the --- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare au-
client asks why he is always sick tosomal recessive disorder characterized by immun-
with an infection. The nurse re- odeficiency, resulting in recurrent infections. A WBC
sponds, "LAD is a rare autosomal differential will reveal extremely elevated levels of neu-
recessive disorder that results in re- trophils (on the order of 6-10 times normal) because
current infections because of the they are unable to leave the blood vessels. Certain in-
tegrins play an important role in allowing white blood
, Patho Final Exam Study Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hl5o5e
lack of transmigration. What does cells to pass through the vessel wall, a process called
this mean???? transmigration.
5. As a protective measure to keep Secretes fibrous exudate
abdominal inflammation and infec- --The peritoneum produces an inflammatory re-
tion localized, the peritoneum does sponse as a means of controlling infection. It tends,
what ? for example, to exude a thick, sticky, and fibrinous
substance that adheres to other structures, such as the
mesentery and omentum, as a means of sealing off
the perforation and localizing the process.
6. When describing to a newly diag- The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system
nosed diabetic client how insulin
is regulated, the nurse practitioner
will draw upon her knowledge of
which hormonal regulation mecha-
nism?
7. While lecturing on COPD, the in- • Antiprotease production and release is not adequate
structor mentions emphysema. The to neutralize the excess protease production."
instructor asks the nurse practition- • "There is α1-antitrypsin deficiency, so this enzyme
er students, "If the client is a smok- can't protect the lung from damage."
er, explain the physiology behind
cellular changes occurring in the
lung which allow destruction of the
alveoli."
What would the response be?
8. What group of patients most likely A woman who has six to eight drinks each evening
faces the highest risk of developing
chronic pancreatitis?
9.
, Patho Final Exam Study Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hl5o5e
Implantation of a pacemaker is A) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
most likely to benefit a client with
which of the following cardiomy- --Arrhythmias and dysrhythmias are characteristic of
opathies? DCM, often requiring the use of an implanted pace-
maker or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
Implanted pacemakers are not noted to be among the
common treatments for myocarditis, Takotsubo car-
diomyopathy, or primary restrictive cardiomyopathy.
10. A 33-year-old patient client has C) Assessment of the client's vision and oculomotor
been admitted to the hospital for function
the treatment of Graves' disease. ---Ophthalmopathy occurs in a large proportion (up
What is a priority assessment for to one third) of clients with Graves disease and may
the nurse practitioner? result in permanent vision damage. This supersedes
the importance of cardiac, neurologic, and peripher-
al vascular assessments, although these assessments
are relevant to the broader effects of hyperthyroidism
that the client may likely experience.
11. Your patient was in car accident Pericardial Effusion
while not wearing a seatbelt and
has sustained multiple rib fractures.
During assessment, the nurse prac-
titioner is having a hard time hear-
ing heart sounds, and the patient
reports chest pain/pressure repeat-
edly. What's going on???
12. A patient's primary care provider by decreasing vascular volume by increasing sodium
has added 20 mg of Lasix and water excretion
(furosemide) to his medication reg-
imen to treat his primary hyperten-
, Patho Final Exam Study Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hl5o5e
sion. How does this agent achieve
its therapeutic effect?
13. What skin disorders seen in elderly Actinic keratosis
persons is considered a premalig-
nant lesion? (Actinic keratoses are the most common premalignant
skin lesions that develop on sun-exposed areas.)
14. A patient awaiting a heart trans- "This device will decrease the workload of the my-
plant is experiencing decompensa- ocardium while maintaining cardiac output and sys-
tion of the left ventricle that will temic arterial pressure".
not respond to medications. The
physicians suggest placing the pa-
tient on a ventricular assist device
(VAD). What does this device do?
How would you explain it to the pa-
tient?
15. During physical exam of a newborn, A) "The child can become infertile later in life as a
the nurse palpates the scrotal sac result of decreased sperm count."
and only locates one testicle. Which
statement about undescended tes- --The consequences of cryptorchidism include infertil-
ticles is most accurate? ity, testicular torsion, testicular (rather than prostate)
malignancy, and the possible psychological effects of
an empty scrotum. Males with cryptorchidism usually
have decreased sperm counts, poorer-quality sperm,
and lower fertility rates than do men whose testicles
descend normally. Spontaneous descent often occurs
during the first 3 months of life, and by 6 months of
age, the incidence decreases to 0.8%. Spontaneous
descent rarely occurs after 4 months of age
16.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hl5o5e
1. A couple has just learned that A) "This is something that your child may have inher-
their newborn infant has been di- ited from one or both of you."
agnosed with osteogenesis imper-
fecta, and they have responded by --- Osteogenesis imperfecta can be inherited as an
seeking out as much information as autosomal recessive or dominant trait; environmental
possible about their child's diagno- factors are not thought to cause the disease. It is not
sis. What should the clinician teach self-limiting, and there is no known cure.
the couple about their child's health
problem?
2. When discussing digestion with a B) The mouth with ptyalin and amylase breaking down
group of nursing students, the in- starches
structor asks, "Where does the di-
gestion of our food begin?" The --- Saliva performs three roles: lubrication, antimi-
most accurate student response crobial protection, and initiation of starch digestion.
would be: Saliva contains ptyalin and amylase, which initiate the
digestion of dietary starches. The other portions of the
GI tract aid in digestion, but all begins in the mouth.
3. . A client with a pathophysiologic Desmosomes are a type of cell junction common in
condition that affects the desmo- epithelium. Failure of epithelial desmosomes results
somes is most likely to exhibit: in the inappropriate separation of adjacent cells.
4. While caring for a client who has Your white blood cells are not able to leave the blood
just been diagnosed with leuko- vessels and move into the area of infection."
cyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), the --- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare au-
client asks why he is always sick tosomal recessive disorder characterized by immun-
with an infection. The nurse re- odeficiency, resulting in recurrent infections. A WBC
sponds, "LAD is a rare autosomal differential will reveal extremely elevated levels of neu-
recessive disorder that results in re- trophils (on the order of 6-10 times normal) because
current infections because of the they are unable to leave the blood vessels. Certain in-
tegrins play an important role in allowing white blood
, Patho Final Exam Study Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hl5o5e
lack of transmigration. What does cells to pass through the vessel wall, a process called
this mean???? transmigration.
5. As a protective measure to keep Secretes fibrous exudate
abdominal inflammation and infec- --The peritoneum produces an inflammatory re-
tion localized, the peritoneum does sponse as a means of controlling infection. It tends,
what ? for example, to exude a thick, sticky, and fibrinous
substance that adheres to other structures, such as the
mesentery and omentum, as a means of sealing off
the perforation and localizing the process.
6. When describing to a newly diag- The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system
nosed diabetic client how insulin
is regulated, the nurse practitioner
will draw upon her knowledge of
which hormonal regulation mecha-
nism?
7. While lecturing on COPD, the in- • Antiprotease production and release is not adequate
structor mentions emphysema. The to neutralize the excess protease production."
instructor asks the nurse practition- • "There is α1-antitrypsin deficiency, so this enzyme
er students, "If the client is a smok- can't protect the lung from damage."
er, explain the physiology behind
cellular changes occurring in the
lung which allow destruction of the
alveoli."
What would the response be?
8. What group of patients most likely A woman who has six to eight drinks each evening
faces the highest risk of developing
chronic pancreatitis?
9.
, Patho Final Exam Study Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hl5o5e
Implantation of a pacemaker is A) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
most likely to benefit a client with
which of the following cardiomy- --Arrhythmias and dysrhythmias are characteristic of
opathies? DCM, often requiring the use of an implanted pace-
maker or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
Implanted pacemakers are not noted to be among the
common treatments for myocarditis, Takotsubo car-
diomyopathy, or primary restrictive cardiomyopathy.
10. A 33-year-old patient client has C) Assessment of the client's vision and oculomotor
been admitted to the hospital for function
the treatment of Graves' disease. ---Ophthalmopathy occurs in a large proportion (up
What is a priority assessment for to one third) of clients with Graves disease and may
the nurse practitioner? result in permanent vision damage. This supersedes
the importance of cardiac, neurologic, and peripher-
al vascular assessments, although these assessments
are relevant to the broader effects of hyperthyroidism
that the client may likely experience.
11. Your patient was in car accident Pericardial Effusion
while not wearing a seatbelt and
has sustained multiple rib fractures.
During assessment, the nurse prac-
titioner is having a hard time hear-
ing heart sounds, and the patient
reports chest pain/pressure repeat-
edly. What's going on???
12. A patient's primary care provider by decreasing vascular volume by increasing sodium
has added 20 mg of Lasix and water excretion
(furosemide) to his medication reg-
imen to treat his primary hyperten-
, Patho Final Exam Study Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hl5o5e
sion. How does this agent achieve
its therapeutic effect?
13. What skin disorders seen in elderly Actinic keratosis
persons is considered a premalig-
nant lesion? (Actinic keratoses are the most common premalignant
skin lesions that develop on sun-exposed areas.)
14. A patient awaiting a heart trans- "This device will decrease the workload of the my-
plant is experiencing decompensa- ocardium while maintaining cardiac output and sys-
tion of the left ventricle that will temic arterial pressure".
not respond to medications. The
physicians suggest placing the pa-
tient on a ventricular assist device
(VAD). What does this device do?
How would you explain it to the pa-
tient?
15. During physical exam of a newborn, A) "The child can become infertile later in life as a
the nurse palpates the scrotal sac result of decreased sperm count."
and only locates one testicle. Which
statement about undescended tes- --The consequences of cryptorchidism include infertil-
ticles is most accurate? ity, testicular torsion, testicular (rather than prostate)
malignancy, and the possible psychological effects of
an empty scrotum. Males with cryptorchidism usually
have decreased sperm counts, poorer-quality sperm,
and lower fertility rates than do men whose testicles
descend normally. Spontaneous descent often occurs
during the first 3 months of life, and by 6 months of
age, the incidence decreases to 0.8%. Spontaneous
descent rarely occurs after 4 months of age
16.
