NR511 Midterm: QUESTION AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
High specificity high percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
-getting a positive result when it i not present
-a high number of false-positives- meaning that a healthy person has a
Low specificity disease when they actually do not
the proportion of true positives out of all patients with a designated
Sensitivity condition
If a diagnostic study has a high then a high % of health individuals will show a normal result
specificity:
If a diagnostic study has a high then a high percentage of persons with the given condition will have an
sensitivity: abnormal result
inpatient hospital stay; skilled nursing care; hospice; and home care
Part A medicare covers:
outpatient services; provider visits; surgery; lab tests; medical equipment;
Part B medicare covers: and preventive exams
Part C medicare covers: vision exams, hearing exams, eye glasses, and hearing aids
Part D medicare covers: prescription drugs
flat to slightly elevated brown papules and plaques that scale when they
are rubbed along with areas of hypopigmentation;prurtis; most commonly
Tinea vesicolor found on trunk and shoulders
Balantitis candidiasis in the glans of the penis
Annual lesions with scaly borders and central clearing on the trunk; has
ring-shaped lesions (ring worm) with scaly borders and central clearing or
Tinea corporis scaly patches with distinct borders on exposed skin surfaces or on the
trunk.
Tinea pedis athletes foot-feet and between toes
Tinea cruis jock-itch in groin area
white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail and separation of
the nail from the nail bed (most common in toe nails)
Tinea unguium
spreading infection of the epidermis and subcutaneous tissues that usually
Cellulitis begins after a break in the skin
Folliculitis bacterial infection of the hair follicle (think papules)
-highly contagious
Impetigo -symptoms may be burning and itching with lymphadenopathy
history of cyst on the same site for months to years, may have cheesy
Epidermal inclusion cyst white discharge with strong odor when expressed
1
, NR511 Midterm: QUESTION AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
hives or wheels that are pruritic and occur on the trunk and arms
following exercise, anxiety, elevated body temperature, or hot
baths/showers
Cholinergic urticaria
*treat with antihistamine
extremely low threshold for pruritus and the "itch" often appears before
the rash
Atopic dermatitis -cardinal sign is severe pruritus
Symptoms include:
-blistering sores
-itching
-pain during urination (during genital outbreak)
-fever
Herpes simplex -headache
-tiredness
-lack of appetite
suppress virus
Goal of treatment for herpes simplex
-caused by varicella-zoster and is characterized by a painful rash with
blisters
-rash is unilateral along dermatome
Herpes zoster -begins as erythema then changes to papular lesions that rapidly form into
vesicles
First line of treatment for acne Benzoyl peroxide
-those at risks for pigmentation changes or scarring
Who would be good candidates for -nodulocystic acne
oral abx treatment for acne? -those who need quick relief from inflammatory acne
-always use sunscreen with acne treatment
Acne teaching -wash face gently atleast twice daily with antibacterial soap
common skin condition that causes blushing or flushing and visible blood
Rosacea vessels in the face
Treatment for rosacea metronidazole cream but may take 6-8 weeks for response
-older white women
Seborrhea Keratosis, who is at risks?
-often itching and irritation with friction or clothing
-may be dark keratin plugs or cysts on surface
Seborrhea Keratosis lesions -differential diagnosis of seborrheic keratosis is pigmented basil cell
carcinoma and malignant melinoma
flesh colored, hard, sand-paper like lesion that is found on exposed areas
Actinic keratosis assesment of the skin
Actinic keratosis treatment cryotherapy and dermatology referral
2
, NR511 Midterm: QUESTION AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
benign, rubbery, smooth and round mass of compressible tissue with soft
texture (most commonly seen in neck, shoulders, armpits, and thighs)
Lipoma
-intensely itchy rash caused by a mite
Scabies -treat with ivermectin for systemic treatment
-hallmark sign of nits that are firmly cemented in place on hair shaft
Pediculosis
-itching may continue for up to one week after successful treatment
because fo the slow resolution of inflammatory reaction by lice
Patient teaching pediculosis infestation
painful red bump under the skin due to infection of hair follicles or in oil
Furuncle (boil) glands
itching, red eyes, and periauricular lymphnode swelling and tenderness
Hallmark for viral conjunctivits
Hallmark sign of HSV-1 or HSV-2 skin vesicles and corneal infection with a dendrite appearance
conjunctivitis
-red eye with crusted eye lid
Bacterial conjunctivitis -normal visual acuity
Cataracts gradual painless and progressive loss of vision
bilateral blurred or distorted vision with complaints of glare when driving
Age-related cataracts presentation at night or bright light
inflammation around the eyelid margins that is caused by staph infection
Blepharatis at the lash base and dysfunctional meiobian glands
Treatment for blepharatis bacitracin 0.5% ointment
cysts or small lump or swelling the develops in the eyelid as a result of a
Chalazion blockage in the gland (typically not painful)
if persists longer than 4 weeks then refer to opthalmologists for incision
Treatment for chalazion and drainage, biopsy or steroid treatment
Tests for dry eyes slit-lamp test or schirmer tests
overflow of tears onto the face due to insufficient tear film drainage from
Epiphora the eyes
bright red blood in a sharply defined area surrounded by normal-
subconjunctival hemorrhage appearing conjunctiva
-valsalva type maneuvers, blood thinners, diabetes, and HTN
Risk factors for subconjunctival
hemorrhage
3
High specificity high percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
-getting a positive result when it i not present
-a high number of false-positives- meaning that a healthy person has a
Low specificity disease when they actually do not
the proportion of true positives out of all patients with a designated
Sensitivity condition
If a diagnostic study has a high then a high % of health individuals will show a normal result
specificity:
If a diagnostic study has a high then a high percentage of persons with the given condition will have an
sensitivity: abnormal result
inpatient hospital stay; skilled nursing care; hospice; and home care
Part A medicare covers:
outpatient services; provider visits; surgery; lab tests; medical equipment;
Part B medicare covers: and preventive exams
Part C medicare covers: vision exams, hearing exams, eye glasses, and hearing aids
Part D medicare covers: prescription drugs
flat to slightly elevated brown papules and plaques that scale when they
are rubbed along with areas of hypopigmentation;prurtis; most commonly
Tinea vesicolor found on trunk and shoulders
Balantitis candidiasis in the glans of the penis
Annual lesions with scaly borders and central clearing on the trunk; has
ring-shaped lesions (ring worm) with scaly borders and central clearing or
Tinea corporis scaly patches with distinct borders on exposed skin surfaces or on the
trunk.
Tinea pedis athletes foot-feet and between toes
Tinea cruis jock-itch in groin area
white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail and separation of
the nail from the nail bed (most common in toe nails)
Tinea unguium
spreading infection of the epidermis and subcutaneous tissues that usually
Cellulitis begins after a break in the skin
Folliculitis bacterial infection of the hair follicle (think papules)
-highly contagious
Impetigo -symptoms may be burning and itching with lymphadenopathy
history of cyst on the same site for months to years, may have cheesy
Epidermal inclusion cyst white discharge with strong odor when expressed
1
, NR511 Midterm: QUESTION AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
hives or wheels that are pruritic and occur on the trunk and arms
following exercise, anxiety, elevated body temperature, or hot
baths/showers
Cholinergic urticaria
*treat with antihistamine
extremely low threshold for pruritus and the "itch" often appears before
the rash
Atopic dermatitis -cardinal sign is severe pruritus
Symptoms include:
-blistering sores
-itching
-pain during urination (during genital outbreak)
-fever
Herpes simplex -headache
-tiredness
-lack of appetite
suppress virus
Goal of treatment for herpes simplex
-caused by varicella-zoster and is characterized by a painful rash with
blisters
-rash is unilateral along dermatome
Herpes zoster -begins as erythema then changes to papular lesions that rapidly form into
vesicles
First line of treatment for acne Benzoyl peroxide
-those at risks for pigmentation changes or scarring
Who would be good candidates for -nodulocystic acne
oral abx treatment for acne? -those who need quick relief from inflammatory acne
-always use sunscreen with acne treatment
Acne teaching -wash face gently atleast twice daily with antibacterial soap
common skin condition that causes blushing or flushing and visible blood
Rosacea vessels in the face
Treatment for rosacea metronidazole cream but may take 6-8 weeks for response
-older white women
Seborrhea Keratosis, who is at risks?
-often itching and irritation with friction or clothing
-may be dark keratin plugs or cysts on surface
Seborrhea Keratosis lesions -differential diagnosis of seborrheic keratosis is pigmented basil cell
carcinoma and malignant melinoma
flesh colored, hard, sand-paper like lesion that is found on exposed areas
Actinic keratosis assesment of the skin
Actinic keratosis treatment cryotherapy and dermatology referral
2
, NR511 Midterm: QUESTION AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
benign, rubbery, smooth and round mass of compressible tissue with soft
texture (most commonly seen in neck, shoulders, armpits, and thighs)
Lipoma
-intensely itchy rash caused by a mite
Scabies -treat with ivermectin for systemic treatment
-hallmark sign of nits that are firmly cemented in place on hair shaft
Pediculosis
-itching may continue for up to one week after successful treatment
because fo the slow resolution of inflammatory reaction by lice
Patient teaching pediculosis infestation
painful red bump under the skin due to infection of hair follicles or in oil
Furuncle (boil) glands
itching, red eyes, and periauricular lymphnode swelling and tenderness
Hallmark for viral conjunctivits
Hallmark sign of HSV-1 or HSV-2 skin vesicles and corneal infection with a dendrite appearance
conjunctivitis
-red eye with crusted eye lid
Bacterial conjunctivitis -normal visual acuity
Cataracts gradual painless and progressive loss of vision
bilateral blurred or distorted vision with complaints of glare when driving
Age-related cataracts presentation at night or bright light
inflammation around the eyelid margins that is caused by staph infection
Blepharatis at the lash base and dysfunctional meiobian glands
Treatment for blepharatis bacitracin 0.5% ointment
cysts or small lump or swelling the develops in the eyelid as a result of a
Chalazion blockage in the gland (typically not painful)
if persists longer than 4 weeks then refer to opthalmologists for incision
Treatment for chalazion and drainage, biopsy or steroid treatment
Tests for dry eyes slit-lamp test or schirmer tests
overflow of tears onto the face due to insufficient tear film drainage from
Epiphora the eyes
bright red blood in a sharply defined area surrounded by normal-
subconjunctival hemorrhage appearing conjunctiva
-valsalva type maneuvers, blood thinners, diabetes, and HTN
Risk factors for subconjunctival
hemorrhage
3
