Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 (Dr. Wunderlich) 2026/2027 A+ Grade
Questions and Answers Complete Study Guide
Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body resources - (answer)Parasympathetic
nervous system
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself - (answer)Sympathetic nervous
system (SNS)
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - (answer)blood flow to the
muscles is increased while blood flow to GI and integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified - (answer)focal or diffuse (aka multifocal)
focal brain injuries - (answer)specific, grossly observable brain lesions that occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
diffuse brain injuries - (answer)include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage
to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral dysfunction: Diabetes
Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
autonomic hyperreflexia - (answer)affected at the t5-t6 level or above; characterized by paroxysmal HTN
(up to 300 mmHg systolic), a pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion
with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by pilomotor spasm, and
bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - (answer)individual most likely to be affected
have lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia - (answer)bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a
sx of hyperreflexia
,Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 (Dr. Wunderlich) 2026/2027 A+ Grade
Questions and Answers Complete Study Guide
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact ANS reflexively
responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure. Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels,
the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the HTN and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the
visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
Alzheimer's disease - (answer)leading cause of dementia and one of the most common causes of severe
cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - (answer)age, family history
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease - (answer)low calorie diets, estrogen
replacement at time of menopause, NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD - (answer)PSEN 1 (presenilin) on
chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP (amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given - (answer)postmortem examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke - (answer)hypertension (87% of occurrences)
what are common risk factors for stroke - (answer)arterial HTN, insulin resistance and DM, elevated
cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein (HDL), elevated lipoprotein- A level, hyperhomocysteinemia,
congestive heart disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, polycythemia and thrombocythemia,
a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy, high sodium intake above 2300mg, low potassium intake less
than 4700mg, smoking, lack of physical activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a bacterial/viral infection such as
respiratory or GI illness (ex: flu) - (answer)Guillain-Barre syndrome
, Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 (Dr. Wunderlich) 2026/2027 A+ Grade
Questions and Answers Complete Study Guide
Describe the progression of Guillain-Barre symptoms - (answer)typical first manifestations are
numbness, pain, paresthesias, or weakness in the limbs. Paresis/paralysis may present in an ascending
pattern
when can improvement be expected with Guillain-Barre - (answer)weakness usually plateaus or
improves by the 4th week in 90% of cases
Myasthenia Gravis - (answer)a chronic autoimmune disease that is mediated by Ach receptor antibodies
that act at the neuromuscular junction. The antibodies prevent normal reception for muscle contraction
myasthenia gravis clinical manifestations - (answer)-exertional fatigue and weakness that worsens with
activity, improves with rest, and recurs with resumption of activity
-a recent history of recurring upper resp tract infections
-diplopia, ptosis, and ocular palsies
-facial droop and an expressionless face; difficulty chewing and swallowing associated with dietary
changes and weight loss; drooling
-episodes of choking and aspiration
Graves disease - (answer)Graves disease is a result of autoantibodies binding to the TSH receptor sites.
This leads to hyperthyroidism
acute pain - (answer)an event; cause often known; lasts less than 6 months; sudden onset; clinical signs
include increased pulse rate, elevated bp, increased rr, diaphoresis, and dilated pupils; prognosis is
usually complete relief
low back pain - (answer)most common chronic pain condition
chronic pain - (answer)constant situation; cause may be unknown; can be sudden or slow onset;
duration is prolonged and persistent; complete relief rarely occurs
Questions and Answers Complete Study Guide
Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body resources - (answer)Parasympathetic
nervous system
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself - (answer)Sympathetic nervous
system (SNS)
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - (answer)blood flow to the
muscles is increased while blood flow to GI and integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified - (answer)focal or diffuse (aka multifocal)
focal brain injuries - (answer)specific, grossly observable brain lesions that occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
diffuse brain injuries - (answer)include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage
to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral dysfunction: Diabetes
Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
autonomic hyperreflexia - (answer)affected at the t5-t6 level or above; characterized by paroxysmal HTN
(up to 300 mmHg systolic), a pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion
with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by pilomotor spasm, and
bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - (answer)individual most likely to be affected
have lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia - (answer)bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a
sx of hyperreflexia
,Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 (Dr. Wunderlich) 2026/2027 A+ Grade
Questions and Answers Complete Study Guide
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact ANS reflexively
responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure. Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels,
the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the HTN and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the
visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
Alzheimer's disease - (answer)leading cause of dementia and one of the most common causes of severe
cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - (answer)age, family history
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease - (answer)low calorie diets, estrogen
replacement at time of menopause, NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD - (answer)PSEN 1 (presenilin) on
chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP (amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given - (answer)postmortem examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke - (answer)hypertension (87% of occurrences)
what are common risk factors for stroke - (answer)arterial HTN, insulin resistance and DM, elevated
cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein (HDL), elevated lipoprotein- A level, hyperhomocysteinemia,
congestive heart disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, polycythemia and thrombocythemia,
a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy, high sodium intake above 2300mg, low potassium intake less
than 4700mg, smoking, lack of physical activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a bacterial/viral infection such as
respiratory or GI illness (ex: flu) - (answer)Guillain-Barre syndrome
, Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 (Dr. Wunderlich) 2026/2027 A+ Grade
Questions and Answers Complete Study Guide
Describe the progression of Guillain-Barre symptoms - (answer)typical first manifestations are
numbness, pain, paresthesias, or weakness in the limbs. Paresis/paralysis may present in an ascending
pattern
when can improvement be expected with Guillain-Barre - (answer)weakness usually plateaus or
improves by the 4th week in 90% of cases
Myasthenia Gravis - (answer)a chronic autoimmune disease that is mediated by Ach receptor antibodies
that act at the neuromuscular junction. The antibodies prevent normal reception for muscle contraction
myasthenia gravis clinical manifestations - (answer)-exertional fatigue and weakness that worsens with
activity, improves with rest, and recurs with resumption of activity
-a recent history of recurring upper resp tract infections
-diplopia, ptosis, and ocular palsies
-facial droop and an expressionless face; difficulty chewing and swallowing associated with dietary
changes and weight loss; drooling
-episodes of choking and aspiration
Graves disease - (answer)Graves disease is a result of autoantibodies binding to the TSH receptor sites.
This leads to hyperthyroidism
acute pain - (answer)an event; cause often known; lasts less than 6 months; sudden onset; clinical signs
include increased pulse rate, elevated bp, increased rr, diaphoresis, and dilated pupils; prognosis is
usually complete relief
low back pain - (answer)most common chronic pain condition
chronic pain - (answer)constant situation; cause may be unknown; can be sudden or slow onset;
duration is prolonged and persistent; complete relief rarely occurs
