BMEG 455 (LECTURE 1-7) EXAM 2026 UPDATE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+ (BRABD NEW VISION)
What is empathy in engineering design? - ANS--Fundamentally engineering designs
are about meeting user needs
-So to provide solutions that address diverse needs, it is necessary to learn how
to understand different perspectives
- Empathy has been recognised as a skill that allows engineers to consider the
implications of design decisions on people
- Can serve as a way to address sociocultural and political aspects of the designs
Challenges with empathy in engineering - ANS-Cognitive Dissonance - when your
beliefs dont line up with your actions/behaviour
This cognitive dissonance causes students to be conflicted on how to be
engineers because empathy is not objective, logical, rational, and therefore not
considering engineering work
- Without developing empathy on multiple levels, engineering students risk failing
to fully utilize empathetic approaches to translate their understanding of diverse
perspectives in design solutions
Inclusive language what to include - ANS-Person-first vs. Identity-first language
What are some barriers with the current system according to Heather Lamb's SCI guest
lecture? - ANS-Physical Barriers:
Parking, Fixed height exam tables , Limited or no assistance to transfer, Access
to pressure relief mattresses in hospitals
Attitudinal Barriers
Understanding need for access to tests (eg. Pap tests), assuming inability,
assuming everything is related to SCI
Further Barriers - Lamb Talk - ANS-1. Informational Barriers
- Complex system for information and referrals is difficult to navigate
- Practitioners' lack of specific knowledge of disability 2. 2. Rigid Rules
- Home care boundaries and hours
- One issue per visit
- Frequency of prescription refills
Barriers outside the system that affect health care - Lamb Talk - ANS-Finances
- Low employment rates and high poverty rates • High High Costs
Lack of coverage for expensive medical equipment and supplies
Housing
- Limited supply of accessible housing, high cost of renovations
, Barriers outside the system continued - Lamb Talk - ANS-Access to Care
- Cost of travel to specialists and physical inability to travel; limited access to
homecare
Exercise
- Cost of adapted sports equipment and lack of access to equipment and
programs
- Lack of accessibility of sports venues
Diet
- High cost of healthy food
- Lack of physical ability to cook or shop
What were the Nuremberg trials? - ANS-The Nuremberg Code was drafted at the
time of the Nuremberg Trials. Nuremburg Trials = prosecution of people
responsible for experiments on humans during the Second world War
Nuremberg Code - outlined human rights of research subjects
Declaration of Helsinki - obligations of physicians to research subjects
BOTH Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki were interpreted to require
that any experimentation involving humans should be based on previously
carried out animal experimentation
What did the principals of humane experimental technique introduce. - ANS-Introduced
and defined the concept of the 3Rs principles, which now form the basis for most
international legislation and guidance concerning the ethical oversight of animal-
based research, including the laws, regulations, and policies in North America
Describe the CCAC - ANS-The Canadian council on animal care works to ensure
that animal-based science in Canada takes place only when necessary and that
the animals in the studies receive optimal care according to high quality,
research informed standards
The 3 R's are: - ANS-Reduction: decreases the number of whole animals
necessary to perform a particular test or group of tests.
Refinement: improves the design and/or efficiency of the test, which results in
decreasing or possibly in eliminating distress or pain experienced by laboratory
animals.
Replacement: eliminates the need for whole-animal testing.
What are the five freedoms of animal welfare? - ANS-1. Freedom from hunger and
thirst
2. Freedom from discomfort (shelter and resting area)
3. Freedom from pain, injury, or disease
4. Freedom to express normal behaviour
5. Freedom from fear or distress (avoid mental suffering)
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+ (BRABD NEW VISION)
What is empathy in engineering design? - ANS--Fundamentally engineering designs
are about meeting user needs
-So to provide solutions that address diverse needs, it is necessary to learn how
to understand different perspectives
- Empathy has been recognised as a skill that allows engineers to consider the
implications of design decisions on people
- Can serve as a way to address sociocultural and political aspects of the designs
Challenges with empathy in engineering - ANS-Cognitive Dissonance - when your
beliefs dont line up with your actions/behaviour
This cognitive dissonance causes students to be conflicted on how to be
engineers because empathy is not objective, logical, rational, and therefore not
considering engineering work
- Without developing empathy on multiple levels, engineering students risk failing
to fully utilize empathetic approaches to translate their understanding of diverse
perspectives in design solutions
Inclusive language what to include - ANS-Person-first vs. Identity-first language
What are some barriers with the current system according to Heather Lamb's SCI guest
lecture? - ANS-Physical Barriers:
Parking, Fixed height exam tables , Limited or no assistance to transfer, Access
to pressure relief mattresses in hospitals
Attitudinal Barriers
Understanding need for access to tests (eg. Pap tests), assuming inability,
assuming everything is related to SCI
Further Barriers - Lamb Talk - ANS-1. Informational Barriers
- Complex system for information and referrals is difficult to navigate
- Practitioners' lack of specific knowledge of disability 2. 2. Rigid Rules
- Home care boundaries and hours
- One issue per visit
- Frequency of prescription refills
Barriers outside the system that affect health care - Lamb Talk - ANS-Finances
- Low employment rates and high poverty rates • High High Costs
Lack of coverage for expensive medical equipment and supplies
Housing
- Limited supply of accessible housing, high cost of renovations
, Barriers outside the system continued - Lamb Talk - ANS-Access to Care
- Cost of travel to specialists and physical inability to travel; limited access to
homecare
Exercise
- Cost of adapted sports equipment and lack of access to equipment and
programs
- Lack of accessibility of sports venues
Diet
- High cost of healthy food
- Lack of physical ability to cook or shop
What were the Nuremberg trials? - ANS-The Nuremberg Code was drafted at the
time of the Nuremberg Trials. Nuremburg Trials = prosecution of people
responsible for experiments on humans during the Second world War
Nuremberg Code - outlined human rights of research subjects
Declaration of Helsinki - obligations of physicians to research subjects
BOTH Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki were interpreted to require
that any experimentation involving humans should be based on previously
carried out animal experimentation
What did the principals of humane experimental technique introduce. - ANS-Introduced
and defined the concept of the 3Rs principles, which now form the basis for most
international legislation and guidance concerning the ethical oversight of animal-
based research, including the laws, regulations, and policies in North America
Describe the CCAC - ANS-The Canadian council on animal care works to ensure
that animal-based science in Canada takes place only when necessary and that
the animals in the studies receive optimal care according to high quality,
research informed standards
The 3 R's are: - ANS-Reduction: decreases the number of whole animals
necessary to perform a particular test or group of tests.
Refinement: improves the design and/or efficiency of the test, which results in
decreasing or possibly in eliminating distress or pain experienced by laboratory
animals.
Replacement: eliminates the need for whole-animal testing.
What are the five freedoms of animal welfare? - ANS-1. Freedom from hunger and
thirst
2. Freedom from discomfort (shelter and resting area)
3. Freedom from pain, injury, or disease
4. Freedom to express normal behaviour
5. Freedom from fear or distress (avoid mental suffering)
