NR511 FINAL EXAMINATION TEST WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Appendicitis. Answer: Constant periumbilical pain shifting to RLQ,
with possible vomiting and low-grade fever; confirmed with WBCs,
urinalysis, and signs like Obturator sign.
◉ Diverticulitis. Answer: LLQ pain, fever, nausea/vomiting; CT scan
to rule out abscess or gynecologic causes.
◉ Gastroenteritis. Answer: Watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps,
vomiting; stool culture can help rule out IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel,
partial bowel obstruction, pelvic abscess.
◉ Splenic Sequestration (Sickle Cell). Answer: Abdominal pain with
pallor and tachycardia.
◉ PUD (H. pylori). Answer: Epigastric burning relieved by food;
treated with triple therapy.
◉ C. difficile. Answer: Watery, foul-smelling diarrhea; diagnosed by
ELISA, PCR, CBC. Treated with metronidazole and supportive care.
,◉ Giardia. Answer: Exposure to unfiltered water; treat with Flagyl or
atabrine.
◉ Salmonella. Answer: Bloody or mucoid diarrhea with N/V and
colicky abdominal pain; linked to chicken, eggs.
◉ Rotavirus (in children). Answer: Watery diarrhea, vomiting, low-
grade fever; supportive care with fluids.
◉ Acute vs. Chronic Diarrhea. Answer: Evaluate recent diet,
antibiotic use, travel history, and water source.
◉ Chronic Constipation Management Strategies. Answer: Increase
dietary fiber and water, encourage physical activity, use of osmotic or
stimulant laxatives when necessary, rule out underlying pathology.
◉ Heartburn (GERD). Answer: Classic symptom: Heartburn, often at
night.
◉ Associated symptoms of GERD. Answer: Dysphagia, regurgitation,
sour taste, hoarseness.
◉ First-line treatment for GERD. Answer: Diet modification +
omeprazole for 6 weeks.
, ◉ Endoscopy for GERD. Answer: If no improvement after first-line
treatment, order endoscopy.
◉ Lifestyle modifications for GERD. Answer: Small meals, upright
after eating, elevate head of bed, no meals 3 hours before bedtime.
◉ Obturator Sign. Answer: Pain on internal rotation of flexed hip
(appendicitis).
◉ Rovsing's Sign. Answer: RLQ pain on palpation of LLQ
(appendicitis).
◉ General approach to abdominal assessment. Answer: Inspection,
auscultation, percussion, palpation. Identify tenderness, distension,
masses, or rebound tenderness.
◉ Management of Diarrhea. Answer: Metronidazole, fluids,
probiotics for C. difficile; Flagyl or Atabrine for Giardia; supportive
care for Salmonella.
◉ Constipation management strategies. Answer: Increase dietary fiber
(20-35g/day), hydration (1.5-2L/day), physical activity, laxatives if
needed, address medication side effects.
◉ Heartburn Symptoms. Answer: Heartburn, regurgitation, sour taste,
hoarseness, cough, dysphagia.
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Appendicitis. Answer: Constant periumbilical pain shifting to RLQ,
with possible vomiting and low-grade fever; confirmed with WBCs,
urinalysis, and signs like Obturator sign.
◉ Diverticulitis. Answer: LLQ pain, fever, nausea/vomiting; CT scan
to rule out abscess or gynecologic causes.
◉ Gastroenteritis. Answer: Watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps,
vomiting; stool culture can help rule out IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel,
partial bowel obstruction, pelvic abscess.
◉ Splenic Sequestration (Sickle Cell). Answer: Abdominal pain with
pallor and tachycardia.
◉ PUD (H. pylori). Answer: Epigastric burning relieved by food;
treated with triple therapy.
◉ C. difficile. Answer: Watery, foul-smelling diarrhea; diagnosed by
ELISA, PCR, CBC. Treated with metronidazole and supportive care.
,◉ Giardia. Answer: Exposure to unfiltered water; treat with Flagyl or
atabrine.
◉ Salmonella. Answer: Bloody or mucoid diarrhea with N/V and
colicky abdominal pain; linked to chicken, eggs.
◉ Rotavirus (in children). Answer: Watery diarrhea, vomiting, low-
grade fever; supportive care with fluids.
◉ Acute vs. Chronic Diarrhea. Answer: Evaluate recent diet,
antibiotic use, travel history, and water source.
◉ Chronic Constipation Management Strategies. Answer: Increase
dietary fiber and water, encourage physical activity, use of osmotic or
stimulant laxatives when necessary, rule out underlying pathology.
◉ Heartburn (GERD). Answer: Classic symptom: Heartburn, often at
night.
◉ Associated symptoms of GERD. Answer: Dysphagia, regurgitation,
sour taste, hoarseness.
◉ First-line treatment for GERD. Answer: Diet modification +
omeprazole for 6 weeks.
, ◉ Endoscopy for GERD. Answer: If no improvement after first-line
treatment, order endoscopy.
◉ Lifestyle modifications for GERD. Answer: Small meals, upright
after eating, elevate head of bed, no meals 3 hours before bedtime.
◉ Obturator Sign. Answer: Pain on internal rotation of flexed hip
(appendicitis).
◉ Rovsing's Sign. Answer: RLQ pain on palpation of LLQ
(appendicitis).
◉ General approach to abdominal assessment. Answer: Inspection,
auscultation, percussion, palpation. Identify tenderness, distension,
masses, or rebound tenderness.
◉ Management of Diarrhea. Answer: Metronidazole, fluids,
probiotics for C. difficile; Flagyl or Atabrine for Giardia; supportive
care for Salmonella.
◉ Constipation management strategies. Answer: Increase dietary fiber
(20-35g/day), hydration (1.5-2L/day), physical activity, laxatives if
needed, address medication side effects.
◉ Heartburn Symptoms. Answer: Heartburn, regurgitation, sour taste,
hoarseness, cough, dysphagia.
