Chapter 1
Evidence-Based Practice: Why Do Practitioners Need to
Understand Research?
SAMPLE READINESS ASSURANCE QUESTIONS
1. The evidence in evidence-based practice includes information from
the client/family.
a. True
b. False
2. Which of the following is a component in the evidence-based decision-making process?
a. External evidence
b. Practitioner experience
c. Client’s situation and values
d. All of the above
3. Evidence-based practice is best described by which of the following?
a. Practitioners conducting research to answer clinical questions
b. Applying research evidence within the context of practitioner experience and client values
c. Making clinical decisions based on expediency and routine
d. Using research evidence without including practitioner and client experience to make clinical
decisions
4. Among the endorsers of evidence-based practice are the professional organizations that promote
the rehabilitation professions.
a. True
b. False
5. Which of the following actions is NOT consistent with evidence-based practice?
a. The ability to justify your practice based on an accumulation of evidence from multiple sources
b. Use of clinical experience to determine how to apply the research evidence to your practice
c. Collaboration with the client to make decisions about whether to utilize an intervention that is
supported by research evidence
d. Justification of a clinical practice based on the culture and habits of an institution
,6. If you consistently have good outcomes with a particular intervention approach, there is little
reason to examine the research evidence related to this approach.
a. True
b. False
7. Evidence-based practice requires that practitioners avoid any approach that is not backed by
research.
a. True
b. False
8. The external evidence component of evidence-based practice typically provides which type of
information about an intervention?
a. How to apply the evidence in your particular situation
b. Whether or not an intervention is effective in a controlled context
c. How the intervention relates to the client’s situation and values
d. Whether an intervention is more effective than emerging practices
9. Practitioners can usually find research to answer all of their clinical questions if they just look hard
enough.
a. True
b. False
10. A study examining the reliability of a motor function measure would answer what type of
question?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
11. Which of the following is the best example of a PICO question?
a. What is the best treatment for post traumatic stress disorder?
b. For individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder, is exposure therapy more effective than
cognitive behavioral therapy for reducing anxiety symptoms?
c. Is exposure therapy effective for reducing trauma-induced anxiety?
d. How do individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder react when exposed to stimuli that remind
them of their trauma?
,12. The PICO format is most consistent with which type of research question?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
13. Which type of research design would be best for answering an efficacy question?
a. Randomized controlled trial
b. Correlational study
c. Survey research
d. Reliability study
14. Which type of research design would best answer a relational question?
a. Randomized controlled trial
b. Correlational study
c. Survey research
d. Reliability study
15. In making decisions about which intervention to select, the best type of question would be which
of the following?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
16. Identifying the factors that are most predictive of fall risk would best be done with what type of
question?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
, 17. Which type of research question is used to address questions related to meaning and the lived
experience?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
18. Research questions that are related to selecting an evaluation instrument best fit what category?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
19. Levels-of-evidence hierarchies should be used to evaluate the strength of what type of studies?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. All of the above
20. Studies that use correlational methods are used to answer which type of question?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
21. Which of the following is the best illustration of a qualitative question?
a. For people with stroke, what is the efficacy of constraint-induced therapy as compared with
standard care for improving motor performance?
b. Which individuals with stroke are the best candidates for constraint- induced therapy?
c. Which motor assessments are most sensitive to changes following constraint-induced therapy?
d. What is the experience of constraint-induced therapy from the perspective of the individual
receiving the treatment?
Evidence-Based Practice: Why Do Practitioners Need to
Understand Research?
SAMPLE READINESS ASSURANCE QUESTIONS
1. The evidence in evidence-based practice includes information from
the client/family.
a. True
b. False
2. Which of the following is a component in the evidence-based decision-making process?
a. External evidence
b. Practitioner experience
c. Client’s situation and values
d. All of the above
3. Evidence-based practice is best described by which of the following?
a. Practitioners conducting research to answer clinical questions
b. Applying research evidence within the context of practitioner experience and client values
c. Making clinical decisions based on expediency and routine
d. Using research evidence without including practitioner and client experience to make clinical
decisions
4. Among the endorsers of evidence-based practice are the professional organizations that promote
the rehabilitation professions.
a. True
b. False
5. Which of the following actions is NOT consistent with evidence-based practice?
a. The ability to justify your practice based on an accumulation of evidence from multiple sources
b. Use of clinical experience to determine how to apply the research evidence to your practice
c. Collaboration with the client to make decisions about whether to utilize an intervention that is
supported by research evidence
d. Justification of a clinical practice based on the culture and habits of an institution
,6. If you consistently have good outcomes with a particular intervention approach, there is little
reason to examine the research evidence related to this approach.
a. True
b. False
7. Evidence-based practice requires that practitioners avoid any approach that is not backed by
research.
a. True
b. False
8. The external evidence component of evidence-based practice typically provides which type of
information about an intervention?
a. How to apply the evidence in your particular situation
b. Whether or not an intervention is effective in a controlled context
c. How the intervention relates to the client’s situation and values
d. Whether an intervention is more effective than emerging practices
9. Practitioners can usually find research to answer all of their clinical questions if they just look hard
enough.
a. True
b. False
10. A study examining the reliability of a motor function measure would answer what type of
question?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
11. Which of the following is the best example of a PICO question?
a. What is the best treatment for post traumatic stress disorder?
b. For individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder, is exposure therapy more effective than
cognitive behavioral therapy for reducing anxiety symptoms?
c. Is exposure therapy effective for reducing trauma-induced anxiety?
d. How do individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder react when exposed to stimuli that remind
them of their trauma?
,12. The PICO format is most consistent with which type of research question?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
13. Which type of research design would be best for answering an efficacy question?
a. Randomized controlled trial
b. Correlational study
c. Survey research
d. Reliability study
14. Which type of research design would best answer a relational question?
a. Randomized controlled trial
b. Correlational study
c. Survey research
d. Reliability study
15. In making decisions about which intervention to select, the best type of question would be which
of the following?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
16. Identifying the factors that are most predictive of fall risk would best be done with what type of
question?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
, 17. Which type of research question is used to address questions related to meaning and the lived
experience?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
18. Research questions that are related to selecting an evaluation instrument best fit what category?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
19. Levels-of-evidence hierarchies should be used to evaluate the strength of what type of studies?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. All of the above
20. Studies that use correlational methods are used to answer which type of question?
a. Efficacy
b. Descriptive
c. Relational
d. Assessment
e. Qualitative
21. Which of the following is the best illustration of a qualitative question?
a. For people with stroke, what is the efficacy of constraint-induced therapy as compared with
standard care for improving motor performance?
b. Which individuals with stroke are the best candidates for constraint- induced therapy?
c. Which motor assessments are most sensitive to changes following constraint-induced therapy?
d. What is the experience of constraint-induced therapy from the perspective of the individual
receiving the treatment?
