Chapter 01: Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing and Evidence-Based Practice
1. A group of nurses are reviewing information about the evolution of mental health care and are
discussing the recommendations of the final report of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and
Health. The nurses demonstrate an understanding of this information when they identify that the report
recommended an increase in what?
A) Number of mental health hospitals
B) Institutionalization of clients with mental health problems
C) Number of clinics supplemented by general hospital units
D) Use of psychotherapy by psychiatrists
ANS: C
Feedback:
The final report of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health, called Action for Mental
Health, recommended increased numbers of community clinics supplemented by general hospital units
for mental illness care. The ideas in the report shifted responsibility for mental health care to the
federal, state, and local governments.
PTS: 1 REF: 9, A New National Objective: Community Treatment
OBJ: 5 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember
NOT: Multiple Choice
2. A nurse is reviewing literature that sanctions the involvement of psychiatric–mental health nurses in
the provision of holistic nursing care. Integrating knowledge of the various theories and views of
mental health and illness, the nurse identifies which as most strongly linked to this holistic approach?
A) Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
B) Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing
C) Lavinia Lloyd Dock’s Materia Medica for Nurses
D) Clifford Beers’ A Mind That Found Itself
ANS: B
Feedback:
The American Nurses Association’s Statement on Psychiatric Nursing Practice (1967) officially
sanctioned a holistic approach to nursing care for the first time. The roots of this contemporary
psychiatric–mental health nursing thought can be traced to Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing,
which presented a holistic view of the patient, with the view of the patient as living within a family
and community. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory focused on personality development and unconscious
motivations for drives. Beers’ autobiography described the inhumane treatments used for mental
illness, which led to the formation of a National Committee for Mental Hygiene.
PTS: 1 REF: 2–3, Emergence of Modern Nursing Perspectives
OBJ: 2 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
NOT: Multiple Choice
3. A psychiatric–mental health nurse is preparing a presentation about key events and people that
influenced the development of contemporary mental health and illness care. When describing the
effects of World War II, which would the nurse most likely include?
A) People began to view mental illness as more commonplace and acceptable.
B) The biologic understanding of mental illness was almost fully developed.
C) Deinstitutionalization occurred in response to the community health movement.
D) Mental illnesses became categorized as psychoses or neuroses.
, ANS: A
Feedback:
During World War II, mental illness was beginning to be seen as a problem that could happen to
anyone. Many “normal” people who volunteered for service were disqualified on the grounds that they
were psychologically unfit to serve. Others who had already served a tour of duty developed
psychiatric and emotional problems related to their wartime experiences. The biologic understanding
of mental illness continues to evolve. Deinstitutionalization and the community mental health
movement occurred during the 1960s. In the early 20th century, Freud categorized mental illness as
either a psychosis or neurosis.
PTS: 1 REF: 8, National Action OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply
NOT: Multiple Choice
4. A nurse is presenting a discussion of the history of psychiatric–mental health nursing and its place
within nursing history. Which would be most appropriate to include?
A) Certification for the psychiatric–mental health nursing specialty was first emphasized by
Mary Adelaide Nutting.
B) Psychiatric nurses played a part in seeing that all deinstitutionalized clients got treatment
at community mental health centers.
C) There is a historical link between the first nursing program to admit male students and the
first training school for psychiatric nursing.
D) The first graduate program in psychiatric nursing was established in response to the
publication of psychiatric nursing specialty journals.
ANS: C
Feedback:
In 1882, the first training school for psychiatric nursing was established at the McLean Asylum by E.
Cowles; this was also the first nursing program to admit men. Nutting emphasized psychiatric–mental
health nursing role development. Unfortunately, deinstitutionalization failed. Hildegard E. Peplau was
responsible for establishing the first graduate program in psychiatric–mental health nursing, in 1954.
Publication of journals soon followed, beginning in the 1960s.
PTS: 1 REF: 3, Box 1.2 History of Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing
OBJ: 2 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
NOT: Multiple Choice
5. When reviewing the evolution of mental health and illness care, which event is associated with mental
disorders beginning to be viewed as illnesses requiring treatment?
A) Establishment of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia
B) Quaker establishment of asylums
C) Creation of the state hospital system
D) Freud’s views on the causes of mental illnesses
ANS: A
Feedback:
Mental disorders began to be viewed as illnesses with the establishment of Pennsylvania Hospital, the
first institution in the United States to receive those with mental disorders for treatment and cure. The
Quaker establishment of asylums reflected the impetus toward moral treatment. Dorothea L. Dix
advocated for the humane treatment of clients with mental illness with the creation of state hospitals.
Freud believed that the primary causes of mental illnesses were psychological and a result of disturbed
personality development and faulty parenting.
1. A group of nurses are reviewing information about the evolution of mental health care and are
discussing the recommendations of the final report of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and
Health. The nurses demonstrate an understanding of this information when they identify that the report
recommended an increase in what?
A) Number of mental health hospitals
B) Institutionalization of clients with mental health problems
C) Number of clinics supplemented by general hospital units
D) Use of psychotherapy by psychiatrists
ANS: C
Feedback:
The final report of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health, called Action for Mental
Health, recommended increased numbers of community clinics supplemented by general hospital units
for mental illness care. The ideas in the report shifted responsibility for mental health care to the
federal, state, and local governments.
PTS: 1 REF: 9, A New National Objective: Community Treatment
OBJ: 5 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember
NOT: Multiple Choice
2. A nurse is reviewing literature that sanctions the involvement of psychiatric–mental health nurses in
the provision of holistic nursing care. Integrating knowledge of the various theories and views of
mental health and illness, the nurse identifies which as most strongly linked to this holistic approach?
A) Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
B) Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing
C) Lavinia Lloyd Dock’s Materia Medica for Nurses
D) Clifford Beers’ A Mind That Found Itself
ANS: B
Feedback:
The American Nurses Association’s Statement on Psychiatric Nursing Practice (1967) officially
sanctioned a holistic approach to nursing care for the first time. The roots of this contemporary
psychiatric–mental health nursing thought can be traced to Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing,
which presented a holistic view of the patient, with the view of the patient as living within a family
and community. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory focused on personality development and unconscious
motivations for drives. Beers’ autobiography described the inhumane treatments used for mental
illness, which led to the formation of a National Committee for Mental Hygiene.
PTS: 1 REF: 2–3, Emergence of Modern Nursing Perspectives
OBJ: 2 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
NOT: Multiple Choice
3. A psychiatric–mental health nurse is preparing a presentation about key events and people that
influenced the development of contemporary mental health and illness care. When describing the
effects of World War II, which would the nurse most likely include?
A) People began to view mental illness as more commonplace and acceptable.
B) The biologic understanding of mental illness was almost fully developed.
C) Deinstitutionalization occurred in response to the community health movement.
D) Mental illnesses became categorized as psychoses or neuroses.
, ANS: A
Feedback:
During World War II, mental illness was beginning to be seen as a problem that could happen to
anyone. Many “normal” people who volunteered for service were disqualified on the grounds that they
were psychologically unfit to serve. Others who had already served a tour of duty developed
psychiatric and emotional problems related to their wartime experiences. The biologic understanding
of mental illness continues to evolve. Deinstitutionalization and the community mental health
movement occurred during the 1960s. In the early 20th century, Freud categorized mental illness as
either a psychosis or neurosis.
PTS: 1 REF: 8, National Action OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply
NOT: Multiple Choice
4. A nurse is presenting a discussion of the history of psychiatric–mental health nursing and its place
within nursing history. Which would be most appropriate to include?
A) Certification for the psychiatric–mental health nursing specialty was first emphasized by
Mary Adelaide Nutting.
B) Psychiatric nurses played a part in seeing that all deinstitutionalized clients got treatment
at community mental health centers.
C) There is a historical link between the first nursing program to admit male students and the
first training school for psychiatric nursing.
D) The first graduate program in psychiatric nursing was established in response to the
publication of psychiatric nursing specialty journals.
ANS: C
Feedback:
In 1882, the first training school for psychiatric nursing was established at the McLean Asylum by E.
Cowles; this was also the first nursing program to admit men. Nutting emphasized psychiatric–mental
health nursing role development. Unfortunately, deinstitutionalization failed. Hildegard E. Peplau was
responsible for establishing the first graduate program in psychiatric–mental health nursing, in 1954.
Publication of journals soon followed, beginning in the 1960s.
PTS: 1 REF: 3, Box 1.2 History of Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing
OBJ: 2 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
NOT: Multiple Choice
5. When reviewing the evolution of mental health and illness care, which event is associated with mental
disorders beginning to be viewed as illnesses requiring treatment?
A) Establishment of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia
B) Quaker establishment of asylums
C) Creation of the state hospital system
D) Freud’s views on the causes of mental illnesses
ANS: A
Feedback:
Mental disorders began to be viewed as illnesses with the establishment of Pennsylvania Hospital, the
first institution in the United States to receive those with mental disorders for treatment and cure. The
Quaker establishment of asylums reflected the impetus toward moral treatment. Dorothea L. Dix
advocated for the humane treatment of clients with mental illness with the creation of state hospitals.
Freud believed that the primary causes of mental illnesses were psychological and a result of disturbed
personality development and faulty parenting.
