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competitive advantage - answer- the ability of an organization to produce goods or
services more effectively than competitors do, thereby outperforming them
conceptual skills - answer- consist of the ability to think analytically, to visualize an
organization as a whole and understand how to parts work together
Effective - answer- the ends. To achieve results, to make the right decisions and to
successfully carry them out so that they achieve the organization's goals
Efficient - answer- The means. To use resources- people, money, raw materials-wisely
and cost-effectively
Entrepreneur - answer- someone who sees a new opportunity for a product of service
and launches a business to try to realize it
functional managers - answer- responsible for just one organizational activity
human skills - answer- consist of the ability to work well in cooperation with other people
to get things done
management process - answer- planning, organizing, leading and controlling
Organizing - answer- arranging tasks, people, and other resources to accomplish the
work
Leading - answer- motivating, directing, and otherwise influencing people to work hard
to achieve the organization's goals
Controlling - answer- monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and taking
corrective action as needed
technical skills - answer- consist of the job-specific knowledge needed to perform well in
a specialized field
, Top Managers - answer- make long-term decisions about the overall direction of the
organization and establish the objectives, policies, and strategies for it
Middle Managers - answer- implement the policies and plans of the top managers
above them and supervise and coordinate the activities of the first-line managers below
them
First line Managers - answer- make short-term operating decisions, directing the daily
tasks of non managerial personnel
Team Leaders - answer- a manager who is responsible for facilitating team activities
toward achieving key results
behavioral science - answer- Relies on scientific research for developing theories about
human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers
closed system - answer- has little interaction with its environment
contemporary perspective - answer- (1960s- present) systems, contingency, quality
management
Systems viewpoint - answer- regards the organization as systems of interrelated parts
that operate together to achieve a common purpose
Contingency viewpoint - answer- emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary
according to the individual and environmental situation
historical perspective (1911-1950s) - answer- classical, behavioral, quantitative
Classical Viewpoint - answer- emphasis on ways to manage work more efficiently
Scientific VIewpoint - answer- emphasized the scientific study of work methods to
improve the productivity of individual workers
Administrative - answer- concerned with managing the total organization
Quantitative Viewpoint - answer- applies quantitative techniques to management
learning organization - answer- an organization that actively creates, acquires, and
transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new
knowledge
quality control - answer- the strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of
production