UNE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ parasitic or allergic reaction.
Answer: during a CBC you will see an increase eosinophils
◍ polyneuropathy.
Answer: demylenination of multiple peripheral nerves that lead to sensory,
motor or mixed deficets
◍ Raynauds.
Answer: intense vasospasm of the arteries in fingers and sometimes toes
-can be disease or phenomenon
◍ Etiology is.
Answer: the cause of the disease
◍ classic example of metaplasia.
Answer: Barrett's Esophagus - stratified squamous epithelium of the lower
esophagus undergoes metaplastic transformation to gastric or intestinal type
columnar epithelium
◍ reabsorption (kidney).
Answer: movement of solutes from filtrate to blood things taken back that
were secreted of filtered by the kidney
◍ Define Partial Seizures.
Answer: Localized in one hemisphere evolving to secondarily generalized
seizures
◍ Lifestyle Modifications.
Answer: Decreased sodium intakeExercise planDASH dietWeight
, reductionLeast effective treatment is medication lifestyle is more important
◍ biologic agents and cell injury.
Answer: bacteria, viruses, parasites
◍ Marfan Syndrome.
Answer: Autosomal dominant connective tissue disorderTypically tall,
slender; long, thin arms/legs; long, thin fingers
(arachnodactyly)Cardiovascular lesions most life-threateningAorta tends to
be weak, susceptible to dilation/ruptureTraced to mutations in fibrillin 1
gene on chromosome 15*these patients have weaker valved because they
have problems forming connective tissue
◍ systemic acute inflammation presents with.
Answer: fever, leukocytosis, increased plasma proteins
◍ laboratory studies for diagnosis of seizures.
Answer: identify metabolic/nutritional deficits, infections, and exposure to
toxins
◍ the severity of TBI is classified by.
Answer: the GCS score (Glasgow coma scale)
◍ In which type of cells is metastasis rare?.
Answer: basal cell → very rare ex. osteosarcoma → almost always by time
of detection
◍ pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.
Answer: apparently a combination of environmental factor(s) acting in
genetically susceptible person to cause immune dysfunction / immune →
apparent T cell involvement / genetic → racial and familial clustering /
environmental → unknown antigen
◍ (gastric cancer) risk of dysplasia increases with.
Answer: polyp size
◍ A nurse is describing the process of metastasis which is necessary in order
for metastasis to occur?
, A. Decrease cellular motility
B. decrease cell adhesion's
C. Temporary cessation of cell division
D. proximity to body cavities.
Answer: B. decrease cell adheasions
◍ Example of Autocrine communication.
Answer: release of estrogen from follicular cells
◍ Define Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.
Answer: Confined to the retina; engorgement of the retinal veins, thickening
of the capillary endothelial basement membrane and development of
capillary micro-aneurysms
◍ gallstones can be.
Answer: radio-opaque or radio-luscent → test of choice is ultrasound
◍ angiogenesis step 1.
Answer: parent vessel basement membrane degradation
◍ Active Immunity.
Answer: A protected state owing to the body's immune response as a result
of active infection or immunizationRequires memory B cellsSecond
exposure: quicker responseImmunizationsVaccines contain altered
microorganisms or toxins; retain ability to stimulate immune system
(antigenic properties); do not have pathogenic properties; do not cause harm
to the hostVaccines contain: live and attenuated (altered) agents or killed
infectious agents
◍ What is an increase in cell size?.
Answer: Hypertrophy
◍ A patient has poison ivy. Which type of reaction did this patient experience?
A. type II
B. Type III
C. Type I
D. type IV.
, Answer: D. Type IV
◍ Which of the following cancers is considered to be the most malignant?
A. melanoma
B. squamous cell carcinoma
C. hyperkeratosis
D. basal cell carcinoma.
Answer: A. melanoma
◍ L → R shunts result in.
Answer: chronic right sided pressure and volume overloads that cause
pulmonary hypertension and reversal of flow; and right to left shunts with
cyanosis
◍ hemolytic anemia is what kind of anemia.
Answer: normocytic normochromic anemia
◍ louse.
Answer: look here
◍ health effects of climate change.
Answer: heat waves and pollution increase cardiovascular and pulmonary
disease, increase in food borne illness / vector borne diseases change
location due to warming of areas / malnutrition occurs when crops lost or
die due to climate change
◍ early phase of extrinsic asthma.
Answer: begins 30-60 minutes following the inhalation of antigen
◍ What type of tissue is a papilloma?.
Answer: benign epithelial tissue
◍ IgM.
Answer: It is part of the membrane receptor of naive B lymphocytes
(BCR)Form found in the serum, secreted early in acquired immune response
May be attached to the surface of a B cell of secreted into the blood
Responsible for the early stages of immunityFirst responder:)Only one that
FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ parasitic or allergic reaction.
Answer: during a CBC you will see an increase eosinophils
◍ polyneuropathy.
Answer: demylenination of multiple peripheral nerves that lead to sensory,
motor or mixed deficets
◍ Raynauds.
Answer: intense vasospasm of the arteries in fingers and sometimes toes
-can be disease or phenomenon
◍ Etiology is.
Answer: the cause of the disease
◍ classic example of metaplasia.
Answer: Barrett's Esophagus - stratified squamous epithelium of the lower
esophagus undergoes metaplastic transformation to gastric or intestinal type
columnar epithelium
◍ reabsorption (kidney).
Answer: movement of solutes from filtrate to blood things taken back that
were secreted of filtered by the kidney
◍ Define Partial Seizures.
Answer: Localized in one hemisphere evolving to secondarily generalized
seizures
◍ Lifestyle Modifications.
Answer: Decreased sodium intakeExercise planDASH dietWeight
, reductionLeast effective treatment is medication lifestyle is more important
◍ biologic agents and cell injury.
Answer: bacteria, viruses, parasites
◍ Marfan Syndrome.
Answer: Autosomal dominant connective tissue disorderTypically tall,
slender; long, thin arms/legs; long, thin fingers
(arachnodactyly)Cardiovascular lesions most life-threateningAorta tends to
be weak, susceptible to dilation/ruptureTraced to mutations in fibrillin 1
gene on chromosome 15*these patients have weaker valved because they
have problems forming connective tissue
◍ systemic acute inflammation presents with.
Answer: fever, leukocytosis, increased plasma proteins
◍ laboratory studies for diagnosis of seizures.
Answer: identify metabolic/nutritional deficits, infections, and exposure to
toxins
◍ the severity of TBI is classified by.
Answer: the GCS score (Glasgow coma scale)
◍ In which type of cells is metastasis rare?.
Answer: basal cell → very rare ex. osteosarcoma → almost always by time
of detection
◍ pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.
Answer: apparently a combination of environmental factor(s) acting in
genetically susceptible person to cause immune dysfunction / immune →
apparent T cell involvement / genetic → racial and familial clustering /
environmental → unknown antigen
◍ (gastric cancer) risk of dysplasia increases with.
Answer: polyp size
◍ A nurse is describing the process of metastasis which is necessary in order
for metastasis to occur?
, A. Decrease cellular motility
B. decrease cell adhesion's
C. Temporary cessation of cell division
D. proximity to body cavities.
Answer: B. decrease cell adheasions
◍ Example of Autocrine communication.
Answer: release of estrogen from follicular cells
◍ Define Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.
Answer: Confined to the retina; engorgement of the retinal veins, thickening
of the capillary endothelial basement membrane and development of
capillary micro-aneurysms
◍ gallstones can be.
Answer: radio-opaque or radio-luscent → test of choice is ultrasound
◍ angiogenesis step 1.
Answer: parent vessel basement membrane degradation
◍ Active Immunity.
Answer: A protected state owing to the body's immune response as a result
of active infection or immunizationRequires memory B cellsSecond
exposure: quicker responseImmunizationsVaccines contain altered
microorganisms or toxins; retain ability to stimulate immune system
(antigenic properties); do not have pathogenic properties; do not cause harm
to the hostVaccines contain: live and attenuated (altered) agents or killed
infectious agents
◍ What is an increase in cell size?.
Answer: Hypertrophy
◍ A patient has poison ivy. Which type of reaction did this patient experience?
A. type II
B. Type III
C. Type I
D. type IV.
, Answer: D. Type IV
◍ Which of the following cancers is considered to be the most malignant?
A. melanoma
B. squamous cell carcinoma
C. hyperkeratosis
D. basal cell carcinoma.
Answer: A. melanoma
◍ L → R shunts result in.
Answer: chronic right sided pressure and volume overloads that cause
pulmonary hypertension and reversal of flow; and right to left shunts with
cyanosis
◍ hemolytic anemia is what kind of anemia.
Answer: normocytic normochromic anemia
◍ louse.
Answer: look here
◍ health effects of climate change.
Answer: heat waves and pollution increase cardiovascular and pulmonary
disease, increase in food borne illness / vector borne diseases change
location due to warming of areas / malnutrition occurs when crops lost or
die due to climate change
◍ early phase of extrinsic asthma.
Answer: begins 30-60 minutes following the inhalation of antigen
◍ What type of tissue is a papilloma?.
Answer: benign epithelial tissue
◍ IgM.
Answer: It is part of the membrane receptor of naive B lymphocytes
(BCR)Form found in the serum, secreted early in acquired immune response
May be attached to the surface of a B cell of secreted into the blood
Responsible for the early stages of immunityFirst responder:)Only one that
