FINAL EXAMINATION PAPER ma ma
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STUDENT NAME: ________________________________
ma ma DATE: _____________ ma
COURSE: HDFS 420 exam 1 ma ma ma ma TIME: _____________ ma
EXAM CODE: WGU D094-101
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EXAM INSTRUCTIONS:
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1. Print your full name and date clearly in the header above.
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2. This exam booklet contains both Test Questions (Part I) and Verified Solutions (Part II).
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3. Answer all multiple-choice questions clearly. Double-check your work.
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4. Do not break the seal or open this booklet until instructed to do so by the proctor.
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Q1. bioecological systems theory:
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[Verified Solution]: "The lives of important caregivers matter" -
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Children's development is *directly* influenced by the people in their everyday life (the "microsystem
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") -But also there are important *indirect* influences- for example: >Parent-
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teacher relationship >Parents' or teachers' working conditions >Neighborhood resources and safety >A
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vailability of health services >Policies to protect the welfare of babies -
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Influences can change over TIME the ecology-- the personal and physical environment --
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influences the nature of the relationships that the child experiences. these relationships are most influ
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enced by the immediate settings: namely, family, community, and the early care and learning progra
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m that the child is experiencing
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Q2. caregiver:
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[Verified Solution]: any adult who takes care of and cares about young children. caregivers include
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parents, teachers, grandparents, and others
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Q3. continuity of care:
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[Verified Solution]: involves uninterrupted, continuous adult-
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child and peer relationships. a teacher(s) moves to a new room with a group of children as they age.
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Q4. culturally competent:
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[Verified Solution]: implies that the caregivers understand and attend to the total context of the indi
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vidual's situation, including awareness of immigration status, stress factors, other social factors, and c
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ultural similarities and differences -
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culturally competent teacher learns and is respectful of children's and families' cultures.
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,Q5. culture:
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[Verified Solution]: the values and beliefs about what is important in life, including traditions, celeb
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rations, languages, and styles of interacting with others. -
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includes: abstract values, beliefs, and perceptions of the world that lie behind people's behavior, and
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which are reflected in their behavior
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Q6. domains: -physical, perceptual, motor -language and literacy -cognitive -emotional -
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social
[Verified Solution]: physical, perceptual, motor: -perception-action -balance -locomotion -
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manipulation language and literacy: -receptive language -expressive language -pragmatics -prosodoy -
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literacy development cognitive: -perceptual -active -approaches to learning -concepts emotional: -
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attachment -emotional expression and understanding -regulation -identity development social: -
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peer interactions -prosocial development -conflicts -challenging behavior
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Q7. epigenetics:
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[Verified Solution]: the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a
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DNA change -experiences affects whether some genes will be activated
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Q8. quality infant and toddler care and learning programs:
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[Verified Solution]: quality programs that support parent can reduce infants' and toddlers' exposure t
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o risk factors and build resiliency and positive relationships. quality programs support infants' and tod
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dlers' learning and sense of well being -
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infant and toddler care and learning programs offer varying hours of care for infants and toddlers, us
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ually during the day while parents are at work. these programs are often referred to as just "child car
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e" or even "day care"
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Q9. infant and toddler professional:
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[Verified Solution]: broad range of specialist who teach or administer child learning and developme
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nt programs, which include center infant and toddler programs and family (home) child care program
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s - ma
also referred to as professionals who support families in the care of education of their children throug
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h home visits, early intervention, and family support programs
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Q10. infants:
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[Verified Solution]: a baby from birth to approximately 12 months of age
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, Q11. irreducible needs: -define -list 7 needs
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[Verified Solution]: needs of children that are absolutely necessary for them to survive and thrive 1
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. ongoing nurturing relationships 2. physical protection, safety, and regulation 3. experiences tailored t
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o individual differences 4. developmentally appropriate experiences 5. limit setting, structure, and exp
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ectations 6. stable communities and cultural continuity 7. adults to protect the future
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Q12. positive turnarounds:
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[Verified Solution]: the resilience of a person to recover from challenging life experiences
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Q13. prenatal:
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[Verified Solution]: development occurs prior to birth. from prenatal period to age 3, babies grow f
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rom helpless dependency to children with a rich collection of relationships, skills, attitudes, and beha
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viors
Q14. primary care:
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[Verified Solution]: each infant or toddler is assigned a teacher who establishes an affectionate con
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nection (attachment relationship) with the child. This teacher tries to be the one to rock, feed, an tuc
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k to sleep. This teacher establishes a connections with the family to respect the family's culture and
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wishes
Q15. protective factors:
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[Verified Solution]: factors that shield and protect the child
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Q16. resilience:
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[Verified Solution]: ability to thrive despite risk factors
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Q17. responsiveness:
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[Verified Solution]: refers to both how well the adult understands what the infant or toddler is tryin
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g to communicate (the child's cues) and how effectively (promptly, contingently, and appropriately) th
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e adult acts in response to the child
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Q18. risk factors:
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[Verified Solution]: Actions or behaviors that represent a potential health threat ex: -poor nutrition -
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low birth weight, health, injury -living in poverty -lack of quality of child care
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ma WGU D094 ma
STUDENT NAME: ________________________________
ma ma DATE: _____________ ma
COURSE: HDFS 420 exam 1 ma ma ma ma TIME: _____________ ma
EXAM CODE: WGU D094-101
ma ma ma
EXAM INSTRUCTIONS:
ma
1. Print your full name and date clearly in the header above.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
2. This exam booklet contains both Test Questions (Part I) and Verified Solutions (Part II).
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
3. Answer all multiple-choice questions clearly. Double-check your work.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
4. Do not break the seal or open this booklet until instructed to do so by the proctor.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
Q1. bioecological systems theory:
mama ma ma
[Verified Solution]: "The lives of important caregivers matter" -
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma
Children's development is *directly* influenced by the people in their everyday life (the "microsystem
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
") -But also there are important *indirect* influences- for example: >Parent-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
teacher relationship >Parents' or teachers' working conditions >Neighborhood resources and safety >A
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
vailability of health services >Policies to protect the welfare of babies -
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
Influences can change over TIME the ecology-- the personal and physical environment --
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
influences the nature of the relationships that the child experiences. these relationships are most influ
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
enced by the immediate settings: namely, family, community, and the early care and learning progra
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m that the child is experiencing
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Q2. caregiver:
mama
[Verified Solution]: any adult who takes care of and cares about young children. caregivers include
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m
parents, teachers, grandparents, and others
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Q3. continuity of care:
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[Verified Solution]: involves uninterrupted, continuous adult-
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child and peer relationships. a teacher(s) moves to a new room with a group of children as they age.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
Q4. culturally competent:
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[Verified Solution]: implies that the caregivers understand and attend to the total context of the indi
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
vidual's situation, including awareness of immigration status, stress factors, other social factors, and c
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ultural similarities and differences -
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culturally competent teacher learns and is respectful of children's and families' cultures.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
,Q5. culture:
mama
[Verified Solution]: the values and beliefs about what is important in life, including traditions, celeb
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
rations, languages, and styles of interacting with others. -
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
includes: abstract values, beliefs, and perceptions of the world that lie behind people's behavior, and
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
which are reflected in their behavior
ma ma ma ma ma
Q6. domains: -physical, perceptual, motor -language and literacy -cognitive -emotional -
mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
social
[Verified Solution]: physical, perceptual, motor: -perception-action -balance -locomotion -
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma
manipulation language and literacy: -receptive language -expressive language -pragmatics -prosodoy -
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
literacy development cognitive: -perceptual -active -approaches to learning -concepts emotional: -
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
attachment -emotional expression and understanding -regulation -identity development social: -
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
peer interactions -prosocial development -conflicts -challenging behavior
ma ma ma ma ma ma
Q7. epigenetics:
mama
[Verified Solution]: the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
DNA change -experiences affects whether some genes will be activated
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
Q8. quality infant and toddler care and learning programs:
mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
[Verified Solution]: quality programs that support parent can reduce infants' and toddlers' exposure t
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
o risk factors and build resiliency and positive relationships. quality programs support infants' and tod
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
dlers' learning and sense of well being -
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
infant and toddler care and learning programs offer varying hours of care for infants and toddlers, us
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ually during the day while parents are at work. these programs are often referred to as just "child car
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
e" or even "day care"
ma ma ma ma
Q9. infant and toddler professional:
mama ma ma ma
[Verified Solution]: broad range of specialist who teach or administer child learning and developme
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
nt programs, which include center infant and toddler programs and family (home) child care program
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
s - ma
also referred to as professionals who support families in the care of education of their children throug
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
h home visits, early intervention, and family support programs
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
Q10. infants:
mama
[Verified Solution]: a baby from birth to approximately 12 months of age
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
, Q11. irreducible needs: -define -list 7 needs
mama ma ma ma ma ma
[Verified Solution]: needs of children that are absolutely necessary for them to survive and thrive 1
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
. ongoing nurturing relationships 2. physical protection, safety, and regulation 3. experiences tailored t
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
o individual differences 4. developmentally appropriate experiences 5. limit setting, structure, and exp
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ectations 6. stable communities and cultural continuity 7. adults to protect the future
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
Q12. positive turnarounds:
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[Verified Solution]: the resilience of a person to recover from challenging life experiences
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
Q13. prenatal:
mama
[Verified Solution]: development occurs prior to birth. from prenatal period to age 3, babies grow f
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
rom helpless dependency to children with a rich collection of relationships, skills, attitudes, and beha
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
viors
Q14. primary care:
mama ma
[Verified Solution]: each infant or toddler is assigned a teacher who establishes an affectionate con
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
nection (attachment relationship) with the child. This teacher tries to be the one to rock, feed, an tuc
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
k to sleep. This teacher establishes a connections with the family to respect the family's culture and
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
wishes
Q15. protective factors:
mama ma
[Verified Solution]: factors that shield and protect the child
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma
Q16. resilience:
mama
[Verified Solution]: ability to thrive despite risk factors
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma
Q17. responsiveness:
mama
[Verified Solution]: refers to both how well the adult understands what the infant or toddler is tryin
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
g to communicate (the child's cues) and how effectively (promptly, contingently, and appropriately) th
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
e adult acts in response to the child
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
Q18. risk factors:
mama ma
[Verified Solution]: Actions or behaviors that represent a potential health threat ex: -poor nutrition -
ma mama ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
low birth weight, health, injury -living in poverty -lack of quality of child care
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
