lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
NR507 WEEK 1
Human defense mechanisms:
1 st line protection = physical, mechanical,
biochemical barriers
This protection is part of our innate (natural) immunity. We are
born with this, and it provides constant, localized protection
(aka nonspecific protection).
Barriers against all invaders
1 st line of defense = intact skin and mucous
membranes. Including: flushing, sweeping, and peristaltic
action
Ex: eyelashes sweep debris, respiratory cilia sweep material out
of respiratory tract. Peristaltic action of GI tract moves foreign
material through your body.
These actions are also accompanied by the production of
different types of secretions that amplify their effectiveness.
Including: Mucus, urine, tears, bile are all part of our
nonspecific protections. All these secretions are loaded with
anti-microbial agents.
Presence of our normal microbiome= our normal flora, the
microorganisms on our skin surface, oral cavities, and in the
vaginal area that help provide a protective layer of good
bacteria and microorganisms to buffer away of shield from the
invasion of harmful microorganisms
messages.downloaded_by PERFORMANCE
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
2nd line of immune defense= the inflammatory
response (also part of our innate or natural immunity response)
Immediate localized protection at site of invasion
Nonspecific protection: activated when the 1st line of defense is
breached by injury or infection
Components include= phagocytic WBC and several different
chemical components.
3rd line of immune defense= lymphocyte
production, which is part of our adaptive, or acquired immune
response, not inherently present at birth it is acquired
throughout lifetime
Slower acting systemic protection and is activated to provide
back up to our second line of defense
Involves specialized WBC (lymphocytes) and other chemical
components
MAIN FOCUS DEFENSE LINE 1 AND 2
Our immune response= WBC (Leukocytes)
TYPES OF WBCS
(all have different roles)
• Basophils
• Eosinophils
• Neutrophils (PMNs)
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
• Monocytes become macrophages when actively involved
in an immune response
• Mast cells types of basophils not usually found circulating
in bloodstream but localized in our tissues
• Lymphocytes: B and T cells and natural killer (NK) cells
(more involved in our 3rd line of adaptive response
Immune response involves chemical mediators
• Histamine
• Leukotrienes
• Interleukins
• Interferons
• Kinins
• Prostaglandins
• Complement
Most important immune defense= intact skin and mucous
membranes which provide an impermeable barrier to virtually
anything that would try to invade our body from the outside
Our second line of defense= inflammation, a nonspecific
immediate localized response that takes over when those
barriers are breached
Inflammation s/s
Redness, swelling (edema), heat, pain
The inflammatory process has beneficial purposes:
• Walls off causative agent to restrict further tissue damage
messages.downloaded_by PERFORMANCE
NR507 WEEK 1
Human defense mechanisms:
1 st line protection = physical, mechanical,
biochemical barriers
This protection is part of our innate (natural) immunity. We are
born with this, and it provides constant, localized protection
(aka nonspecific protection).
Barriers against all invaders
1 st line of defense = intact skin and mucous
membranes. Including: flushing, sweeping, and peristaltic
action
Ex: eyelashes sweep debris, respiratory cilia sweep material out
of respiratory tract. Peristaltic action of GI tract moves foreign
material through your body.
These actions are also accompanied by the production of
different types of secretions that amplify their effectiveness.
Including: Mucus, urine, tears, bile are all part of our
nonspecific protections. All these secretions are loaded with
anti-microbial agents.
Presence of our normal microbiome= our normal flora, the
microorganisms on our skin surface, oral cavities, and in the
vaginal area that help provide a protective layer of good
bacteria and microorganisms to buffer away of shield from the
invasion of harmful microorganisms
messages.downloaded_by PERFORMANCE
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
2nd line of immune defense= the inflammatory
response (also part of our innate or natural immunity response)
Immediate localized protection at site of invasion
Nonspecific protection: activated when the 1st line of defense is
breached by injury or infection
Components include= phagocytic WBC and several different
chemical components.
3rd line of immune defense= lymphocyte
production, which is part of our adaptive, or acquired immune
response, not inherently present at birth it is acquired
throughout lifetime
Slower acting systemic protection and is activated to provide
back up to our second line of defense
Involves specialized WBC (lymphocytes) and other chemical
components
MAIN FOCUS DEFENSE LINE 1 AND 2
Our immune response= WBC (Leukocytes)
TYPES OF WBCS
(all have different roles)
• Basophils
• Eosinophils
• Neutrophils (PMNs)
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
• Monocytes become macrophages when actively involved
in an immune response
• Mast cells types of basophils not usually found circulating
in bloodstream but localized in our tissues
• Lymphocytes: B and T cells and natural killer (NK) cells
(more involved in our 3rd line of adaptive response
Immune response involves chemical mediators
• Histamine
• Leukotrienes
• Interleukins
• Interferons
• Kinins
• Prostaglandins
• Complement
Most important immune defense= intact skin and mucous
membranes which provide an impermeable barrier to virtually
anything that would try to invade our body from the outside
Our second line of defense= inflammation, a nonspecific
immediate localized response that takes over when those
barriers are breached
Inflammation s/s
Redness, swelling (edema), heat, pain
The inflammatory process has beneficial purposes:
• Walls off causative agent to restrict further tissue damage
messages.downloaded_by PERFORMANCE
