lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
Week 1:Edapt Notes
1.
-Immediate hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies, which resulting an allergy, anaphylaxis, or
atopic disease. The NP should expect the client to have a type 1 hypersensitivity to recent medication
use, which can include these immediate reactions as clinical manifestations: urticaria, wheezing,
vomiting, and diaphoresis.
2. _____ are the primary effector cells and are responsible for initiating and mediating _____
hypersensitivity reactions.
- Mast cells, type 1
characterized by the rapid release of proinflammatory mediators like histamines, leukotrienes, and
cytokines in response to allergen exposure, mast cells are the primary effector cells responsible for
initiating and mediating type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.
3. ____ hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of _______ that can deposit in tissues, leading
to complement activation, inflammation, and tissue destruction.
-Type 3, immune complexes
- Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of immune complexes that can deposit in
tissues, leading to complement activation and inflammation. This process can cause tissue damage and
is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and serum sickness. Type 1 reactions are
mediated by IgE antibodies, and type 2 are mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies. Type 4 reactions are
activated by Thelper cells.
Type 1 = Mediated by IgE antibodies
Anaphylactic Reaction
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, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
1. Antigen
2. B-cell
3. Plasma cell
4. IgE
5. Mast cell
6. Histamine
A type 1 reaction is mediated by IgE antibodies.
Type 2 = mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies
1. Anti-A antibodies in type B blood mix with type A blood
2. Antibodies attach to surface antigen of type A RBC
3. Complement activated; type A RBC cell wall attacked
4. Lysis of type A RBC
5. Phagocytosis
A type 2 cytotoxic reaction is mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies.
Type 3 = mediated by immune complexes
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, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
1. Antibodies bind to antigens
2. Immune complexes form
3. Complexes deposit in blood vessels or tissues
4. Activation of complement
5. Inflammatory response at the site of deposit
6. Release of lysosomal enzymes and chemical mediators
7. Tissue damage
A type 3 reaction is mediated by immune complexes.
Type 4 = mediated by cellular response.
1. Macrophage presents antigen
2. Sensitization of T lymphocyte
3. Release of lymphokines
4. Inflammation and lysis of antigen-bearing cells in the tissue
5. Tissue destruction
A type 4 delayed reaction is mediated by cellular response.
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, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
Pathophysiology of Type 1 Allergic Reaction
Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions
Localized Effect:
When the immune system is first exposed to the antigen, it responds by forming IgE, which sensitizes
the basophils and mast cells in tissues. During the second exposure to the same antigen, the immune
system releases mediators (histamine). Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels leads
to inflammation, including edema, redness, and pruritus.
Systemic Effect:
When subsequent exposure to the same antigen occurs, the antigen binds with IgE antibodies. Mast
cells release large amounts of histamine into general circulation. Cardiovascular system: Vasodilation
and increased capillary permeability cause decreased blood pressure, faintness, or weakness. Skin
nerve endings are irritated, leading to itching. In the lungs, constriction of bronchioles and release of
messages.downloaded_by PERFORMANCE
Week 1:Edapt Notes
1.
-Immediate hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies, which resulting an allergy, anaphylaxis, or
atopic disease. The NP should expect the client to have a type 1 hypersensitivity to recent medication
use, which can include these immediate reactions as clinical manifestations: urticaria, wheezing,
vomiting, and diaphoresis.
2. _____ are the primary effector cells and are responsible for initiating and mediating _____
hypersensitivity reactions.
- Mast cells, type 1
characterized by the rapid release of proinflammatory mediators like histamines, leukotrienes, and
cytokines in response to allergen exposure, mast cells are the primary effector cells responsible for
initiating and mediating type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.
3. ____ hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of _______ that can deposit in tissues, leading
to complement activation, inflammation, and tissue destruction.
-Type 3, immune complexes
- Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of immune complexes that can deposit in
tissues, leading to complement activation and inflammation. This process can cause tissue damage and
is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and serum sickness. Type 1 reactions are
mediated by IgE antibodies, and type 2 are mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies. Type 4 reactions are
activated by Thelper cells.
Type 1 = Mediated by IgE antibodies
Anaphylactic Reaction
messages.downloaded_by PERFORMANCE
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
1. Antigen
2. B-cell
3. Plasma cell
4. IgE
5. Mast cell
6. Histamine
A type 1 reaction is mediated by IgE antibodies.
Type 2 = mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies
1. Anti-A antibodies in type B blood mix with type A blood
2. Antibodies attach to surface antigen of type A RBC
3. Complement activated; type A RBC cell wall attacked
4. Lysis of type A RBC
5. Phagocytosis
A type 2 cytotoxic reaction is mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies.
Type 3 = mediated by immune complexes
messages.downloaded_by PERFORMANCE
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
1. Antibodies bind to antigens
2. Immune complexes form
3. Complexes deposit in blood vessels or tissues
4. Activation of complement
5. Inflammatory response at the site of deposit
6. Release of lysosomal enzymes and chemical mediators
7. Tissue damage
A type 3 reaction is mediated by immune complexes.
Type 4 = mediated by cellular response.
1. Macrophage presents antigen
2. Sensitization of T lymphocyte
3. Release of lymphokines
4. Inflammation and lysis of antigen-bearing cells in the tissue
5. Tissue destruction
A type 4 delayed reaction is mediated by cellular response.
messages.downloaded_by PERFORMANCE
, lOMoAR cPSD| 67691079
Pathophysiology of Type 1 Allergic Reaction
Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions
Localized Effect:
When the immune system is first exposed to the antigen, it responds by forming IgE, which sensitizes
the basophils and mast cells in tissues. During the second exposure to the same antigen, the immune
system releases mediators (histamine). Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels leads
to inflammation, including edema, redness, and pruritus.
Systemic Effect:
When subsequent exposure to the same antigen occurs, the antigen binds with IgE antibodies. Mast
cells release large amounts of histamine into general circulation. Cardiovascular system: Vasodilation
and increased capillary permeability cause decreased blood pressure, faintness, or weakness. Skin
nerve endings are irritated, leading to itching. In the lungs, constriction of bronchioles and release of
messages.downloaded_by PERFORMANCE
