Jefferson State Community College / NUR 114
Nur 114 Medications Final Exam NCLEX Questions And Verified Answers New Version
2026
26
A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). What is the most important assessment before administering this medication?
A. Blood pressure
20
B. Serum potassium level
C. Blood glucose level
D. Urine output
s
Answer: B. Serum potassium level
am
Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic that can cause hypokalemia (low potassium levels). It is essential to check the patient's serum
potassium level before administering the medication to prevent complications from low potassium.
Which of the following are side effects associated with loop diuretics like furosemide? (Select all that apply)
Ex
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Ototoxicity
s
D. Dehydration
rt
Answer: A, C, D.
pe
Rationale:
A. Hypokalemia: Loop diuretics like furosemide cause potassium excretion, leading to low potassium levels.
C. Ototoxicity: Loop diuretics can cause damage to the ears, leading to hearing loss or tinnitus at high doses or with rapid administration.
Ex
D. Dehydration: Increased urine output can lead to fluid loss, causing dehydration.
Which patient should receive intrapartum antibiotics?
se
A. GBS positive at 36 weeks
B. History of migraines
ur
C. Negative GBS screen
D. Rh-negative mother at 28 weeks
Correct Answer: A
N
Rationale: GBS-positive mothers need IV antibiotics during labor to prevent neonatal infection.
The nurse is caring for a postpartum client who is Rh- negative and delivered an Rh-positive infant. Which of the following actions is
appropriate?
A. Administer Rhogam within 72 hours of delivery
B. Administer Rhogam immediately before discharge only
C. Hold Rhogam since it is only given during pregnancy
D. Administer Rhogam to the newborn
Answer: A
Rationale: Rhogam prevents maternal sensitization to Rh-positive blood and must be given within 72 hours of delivery.
,A breastfeeding client asks about birth control options. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. "You cannot take any form of birth control while breastfeeding."
B. "You can use progestin-only birth control pills while breastfeeding."
C. "Birth control pills will not affect your milk supply."
D. "Breastfeeding prevents ovulation, so you don't need birth control."
Answer: B
Rationale: Progestin-only contraception is safest while breastfeeding. Estrogen- containing contraceptives may decrease milk supply.
Breastfeeding does not guarantee ovulation suppression.
26
(SATA) The nurse is teaching parents about home care for a newborn receiving phototherapy. Which instructions should be included?
• A. Keep the infant's eyes covered during treatment
20
• B. Monitor for skin breakdown
• C. Turn the infant every 2 hours
• D. Supplement with glucose water only
• E. Monitor urine and stool output
s
Answers: A, B, C, E
am
Rationale: Phototherapy can cause eye damage, skin irritation, dehydration, and increased stool output. Feeding should continue (breast or
formula)—not just .glucose water. Ex
s
rt
pe
Ex
se
ur
N
,The nurse is educating a patient about spironolactone Answer: C. "Report any signs of leg cramps or muscle weakness."
(Aldactone), a potassium-sparing diuretic. What should the Rationale: Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which can lead to
nurse emphasize to the patient? hyperkalemia. Symptoms of hyperkalemia include muscle weakness and leg cramps.
A. "Avoid potassium-rich foods like bananas." Monitoring for these signs is important.
B. "You may notice an increase in urination, but this is
expected."
C. "Report any signs of leg cramps or muscle weakness."
D. "You should take this medication with food to enhance
absorption."
26
20
s
am
A patient is receiving an osmotic diuretic, mannitol, for Answer: D. Shortness of breath and crackles in the lungs
increased intracranial pressure. Which assessment finding would Rationale: Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, works by drawing fluid out of the brain
indicate a potential complication? (increased intracranial pressure). If the patient develops pulmonary edema
A. Increased urine output (evidenced by shortness of breath and crackles), this could indicate fluid
Ex
B. Decreased blood pressure overload, a potential adverse effect.
C.Swwelling at the injection site
D. Shortness of breath and crackles in the lungs
s
rt
A patient receiving a loop diuretic is at risk for which Answer: B. Hypokalemia
electrolyte imbalance? Rationale: Loop diuretics, like furosemide, promote the excretion of potassium,
pe
A. Hyperkalemia leading to hypokalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
Ex
D. Hypomagnesemia
A patient is prescribed calcium gluconate for Answer: C. Bradycardia
se
hypocalcemia. The nurse should monitor the patient for which Rationale: Calcium gluconate is often administered in cases of hypocalcemia or
potential adverse effect? hyperkalemia. One of the risks of calcium therapy is bradycardia, especially if
A. Hypertension infused too rapidly.
ur
B.Hyperkalemia
C. Bradycardia
D. Hypoglycemia
N
A client with chronic kidney disease is prescribed Answer: B. "Expect to experience constipation while on this medication."
patiromer (Veltassa) to treat hyperkalemia. Which Rationale: Patiromer is used to treat hyperkalemia and can cause constipation as a side
instruction should the nurse provide to the patient?A. effect. Patients should be advised to report this and manage it accordingly.
"Take this medication with meals."
B. "Expect to experience constipation while on this
medication."
C. "This medication should be taken with a full glass of water."
D. "Patiromer will lower your blood pressure."
, The nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride to a Answer: B. Check the patient's serum potassium level.
patient with hypokalemia. Which action is most important Rationale: Potassium chloride is used to correct hypokalemia. Checking the potassium
before administration? level before administering ensures it is indeed low and helps avoid complications from
A. Ensure the patient is able to swallow tablets. excessive potassium.
B. Check the patient's serum potassium level.
C. Administer potassium chloride on an empty stomach.
D. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.
A patient with renal failure is receiving calcium acetate Answer:A.To decrease phosphorus levels
(PhosLo) as a phosphorus binder. What is the primary Rationale: Calcium acetate (PhosLo) is a phosphate binder that helps lower high serum
purpose of this medication? phosphorus levels, commonly elevated in chronic kidney disease.
26
A. To decrease phosphorus levels
B. To replace calcium deficiency
C. To correct vitamin D deficiency
20
D. To treat metabolic acidosis
Which medication should the nurse anticipate being Answer: B. Epoetin alfa
s
prescribed to a patient with a low red blood cell count due to Rationale: Epoetin alfa is used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease
chronic kidney disease? by stimulating red blood cell production.
am
A. Acetylcysteine
B. Epoetin alfa
C. Polystyrene sulfonate
D. Bicarbonate
Ex
The nurse is preparing to administer acetylcysteine Answer: A. To treat acetaminophen overdose
(Mucomyst) to a patient. What is the primary indication for Rationale:Acetylcysteine is used to treat acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose, as it helps
s
this medication? replenish glutathione and prevents liver damage.
rt
A. To treat acetaminophen overdose
B. To reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy
pe
C. To treat metabolic acidosis
D. To replace glutathione levels
Ex
Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to occur when a Answer: C. Hypokalemia
patient is receiving a loop diuretic like furosemide? Rationale: Loop diuretics cause the loss of potassium, increasing the risk for
A. Hypercalcemia hypokalemia.
B. Hypernatremia
se
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
ur
N
Nur 114 Medications Final Exam NCLEX Questions And Verified Answers New Version
2026
26
A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). What is the most important assessment before administering this medication?
A. Blood pressure
20
B. Serum potassium level
C. Blood glucose level
D. Urine output
s
Answer: B. Serum potassium level
am
Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic that can cause hypokalemia (low potassium levels). It is essential to check the patient's serum
potassium level before administering the medication to prevent complications from low potassium.
Which of the following are side effects associated with loop diuretics like furosemide? (Select all that apply)
Ex
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Ototoxicity
s
D. Dehydration
rt
Answer: A, C, D.
pe
Rationale:
A. Hypokalemia: Loop diuretics like furosemide cause potassium excretion, leading to low potassium levels.
C. Ototoxicity: Loop diuretics can cause damage to the ears, leading to hearing loss or tinnitus at high doses or with rapid administration.
Ex
D. Dehydration: Increased urine output can lead to fluid loss, causing dehydration.
Which patient should receive intrapartum antibiotics?
se
A. GBS positive at 36 weeks
B. History of migraines
ur
C. Negative GBS screen
D. Rh-negative mother at 28 weeks
Correct Answer: A
N
Rationale: GBS-positive mothers need IV antibiotics during labor to prevent neonatal infection.
The nurse is caring for a postpartum client who is Rh- negative and delivered an Rh-positive infant. Which of the following actions is
appropriate?
A. Administer Rhogam within 72 hours of delivery
B. Administer Rhogam immediately before discharge only
C. Hold Rhogam since it is only given during pregnancy
D. Administer Rhogam to the newborn
Answer: A
Rationale: Rhogam prevents maternal sensitization to Rh-positive blood and must be given within 72 hours of delivery.
,A breastfeeding client asks about birth control options. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. "You cannot take any form of birth control while breastfeeding."
B. "You can use progestin-only birth control pills while breastfeeding."
C. "Birth control pills will not affect your milk supply."
D. "Breastfeeding prevents ovulation, so you don't need birth control."
Answer: B
Rationale: Progestin-only contraception is safest while breastfeeding. Estrogen- containing contraceptives may decrease milk supply.
Breastfeeding does not guarantee ovulation suppression.
26
(SATA) The nurse is teaching parents about home care for a newborn receiving phototherapy. Which instructions should be included?
• A. Keep the infant's eyes covered during treatment
20
• B. Monitor for skin breakdown
• C. Turn the infant every 2 hours
• D. Supplement with glucose water only
• E. Monitor urine and stool output
s
Answers: A, B, C, E
am
Rationale: Phototherapy can cause eye damage, skin irritation, dehydration, and increased stool output. Feeding should continue (breast or
formula)—not just .glucose water. Ex
s
rt
pe
Ex
se
ur
N
,The nurse is educating a patient about spironolactone Answer: C. "Report any signs of leg cramps or muscle weakness."
(Aldactone), a potassium-sparing diuretic. What should the Rationale: Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which can lead to
nurse emphasize to the patient? hyperkalemia. Symptoms of hyperkalemia include muscle weakness and leg cramps.
A. "Avoid potassium-rich foods like bananas." Monitoring for these signs is important.
B. "You may notice an increase in urination, but this is
expected."
C. "Report any signs of leg cramps or muscle weakness."
D. "You should take this medication with food to enhance
absorption."
26
20
s
am
A patient is receiving an osmotic diuretic, mannitol, for Answer: D. Shortness of breath and crackles in the lungs
increased intracranial pressure. Which assessment finding would Rationale: Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, works by drawing fluid out of the brain
indicate a potential complication? (increased intracranial pressure). If the patient develops pulmonary edema
A. Increased urine output (evidenced by shortness of breath and crackles), this could indicate fluid
Ex
B. Decreased blood pressure overload, a potential adverse effect.
C.Swwelling at the injection site
D. Shortness of breath and crackles in the lungs
s
rt
A patient receiving a loop diuretic is at risk for which Answer: B. Hypokalemia
electrolyte imbalance? Rationale: Loop diuretics, like furosemide, promote the excretion of potassium,
pe
A. Hyperkalemia leading to hypokalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
Ex
D. Hypomagnesemia
A patient is prescribed calcium gluconate for Answer: C. Bradycardia
se
hypocalcemia. The nurse should monitor the patient for which Rationale: Calcium gluconate is often administered in cases of hypocalcemia or
potential adverse effect? hyperkalemia. One of the risks of calcium therapy is bradycardia, especially if
A. Hypertension infused too rapidly.
ur
B.Hyperkalemia
C. Bradycardia
D. Hypoglycemia
N
A client with chronic kidney disease is prescribed Answer: B. "Expect to experience constipation while on this medication."
patiromer (Veltassa) to treat hyperkalemia. Which Rationale: Patiromer is used to treat hyperkalemia and can cause constipation as a side
instruction should the nurse provide to the patient?A. effect. Patients should be advised to report this and manage it accordingly.
"Take this medication with meals."
B. "Expect to experience constipation while on this
medication."
C. "This medication should be taken with a full glass of water."
D. "Patiromer will lower your blood pressure."
, The nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride to a Answer: B. Check the patient's serum potassium level.
patient with hypokalemia. Which action is most important Rationale: Potassium chloride is used to correct hypokalemia. Checking the potassium
before administration? level before administering ensures it is indeed low and helps avoid complications from
A. Ensure the patient is able to swallow tablets. excessive potassium.
B. Check the patient's serum potassium level.
C. Administer potassium chloride on an empty stomach.
D. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.
A patient with renal failure is receiving calcium acetate Answer:A.To decrease phosphorus levels
(PhosLo) as a phosphorus binder. What is the primary Rationale: Calcium acetate (PhosLo) is a phosphate binder that helps lower high serum
purpose of this medication? phosphorus levels, commonly elevated in chronic kidney disease.
26
A. To decrease phosphorus levels
B. To replace calcium deficiency
C. To correct vitamin D deficiency
20
D. To treat metabolic acidosis
Which medication should the nurse anticipate being Answer: B. Epoetin alfa
s
prescribed to a patient with a low red blood cell count due to Rationale: Epoetin alfa is used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease
chronic kidney disease? by stimulating red blood cell production.
am
A. Acetylcysteine
B. Epoetin alfa
C. Polystyrene sulfonate
D. Bicarbonate
Ex
The nurse is preparing to administer acetylcysteine Answer: A. To treat acetaminophen overdose
(Mucomyst) to a patient. What is the primary indication for Rationale:Acetylcysteine is used to treat acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose, as it helps
s
this medication? replenish glutathione and prevents liver damage.
rt
A. To treat acetaminophen overdose
B. To reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy
pe
C. To treat metabolic acidosis
D. To replace glutathione levels
Ex
Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to occur when a Answer: C. Hypokalemia
patient is receiving a loop diuretic like furosemide? Rationale: Loop diuretics cause the loss of potassium, increasing the risk for
A. Hypercalcemia hypokalemia.
B. Hypernatremia
se
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
ur
N
