NURS 334 FINAL EXAM 2026 LATEST UPDATE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
Assessments and nursing diagnoses of PTSD - ANS--Physical and psychological
assessment includes symptoms history and history of traumatic event(s)
-Physical and psychological assessment should ALWAYS include a complete
history (including sleep and baseline functioning in all areas). Note presence of
PTSD diagnostic criteria symptoms as above.
-Assess for suicide risk or harm to others (priority)
-Nursing problems: anxiety, sleep, flashbacks, irritability, social functioning,
occupation, substance use/abuse, violence potential, pain
Management and treatment outcomes for PTSD - ANS--Provide open non-
threatening environment
-Manage real or potential suicidal ideation
-Allow patient to discuss at their own pace- acknowledge and validate the
experience (this is standard of care for all patients who have undergone trauma)
-Help identify successful coping strategies (ACCENTUATE THE POSITIVE)
-CBT- many forms show effectiveness in treating PTSD
-Support animals
-Meditation, yoga, mindfulness
-Play therapy for children
-Group therapy
-Bibliotherapy
-Art (acting, drawing, painting, building...)
-Mindfulness exercises (deep breathing, imagery)
-Medications
Medications for PTSD - ANS--SSRI's
-Minipress (Prazosin)- antihypertensive useful in decreasing the nightmares
-Clonidine (Catapres)- for hyperarousal
-Propranolol (Inderal)- for hyperarousal and panic
-Midomafetamine (MDMA)- in Phase III trials- helps more symptoms with less
suicide risk than antidepressants- is a schedule I drug at the current time
Crisis - ANS--A time limited event that triggers adaptive or non-adaptive
responses to maturational, situational, or traumatic experiences. A crisis results
from stressful events for which coping mechanisms fail to provide adequate
adaptive skill to address the perceived challenge or threat.
Phases in the development of crisis - ANS--Stressors occur, causing a rise in
tension, use usual coping mechanisms
,-Coping mechanisms ineffective; increase in tension
-Emergency coping strategies are ineffective
-If no resolution, tension increases and major disorganization occurs
Types of crisis - ANS--Developmental
-Situational
-Traumatic
Developmental or maturational crisis - ANS--Normal part of growth and
development- allows the child/person to advance to the next stage. Ideally,
positive coping mechanisms are built providing a foundation for the next level.
-Examples: going to kindergarten, leaving home after graduation, having a baby
Situational crisis - ANS--A disruptive, unexpected event that occurs- can be bio,
psycho, and/or social and can be internal or external.
-Examples: car accident, disease, divorce, death, job loss
Traumatic crisis - ANS--Very unexpected or unusual event or events that involves
one or many persons
-Examples: earthquakes, tornados, terrorism attacks, tsunamis
Crisis intervention - ANS--Systematic application of problem-solving techniques,
based on crisis theory, designed to help the client move through the crisis
process as swiftly and as painlessly as possible and thereby achieve at least the
same level of psychological comfort as he or she experienced before the crisis
Goal for crisis intervention - ANS--Return the person to pre-crisis level of
functioning
Nurse's role in crisis intervention - ANS--Provide a framework of support systems
that guide the patient through the crisis and assist the development of positive
coping skills
Emergency care alert for crisis intervention - ANS--High risk for suicide or homicide.
Assess carefully, if present, MUST refer.
Biologic/psychological/social assessment for crisis situations - ANS--Physical care is
very important as crisis is physically exhausting
-Problems are common in eating and sleeping
-If person has previous physical or psychological problems, often see
reoccurences
-Social systems may be severely disrupted causing support problems- depends
on the crisis
-Assess their previous coping skills
-Assessment findings in crisis are tachycardia, tachypnea, increased
perspiration, nausea and vomiting, dilated pupils, shakiness, loss of control,
, disregard for safety, injury risk, screaming, aggression, disorientation,
depression crying
Biological/psychological/social interventions for crisis situations - ANS--Immediate are
to treat acute symptoms and provide for safety
-May medicate short-term for anxiety
-Example of medication would be benzodiazepine (less than 2 weeks) to allow
patient(s) to do what they must do (funeral arrangements, etc.)
-Do not give false reassurances. Clarify facts. Find and link support persons or
systems (personal or community)
Evaluation of interventions in crisis situation - ANS--Improved health and wellbeing
(person or community)
-Adequate social functioning, keep referral appointments, remain linked in, client
(person or community), supported
Phases of disaster - ANS--Pre-warning of disaster: may be none
-Disaster event occurs; rescuers often have the highest trauma
-Recuperative effort: healing resources, preventing complications. This can range
from individual, alcoholism, PTSD, to community disasters dealing with post
event problems (infection, lung problems, etc.)
types of disaster victims - ANS--Victims
-Professional rescuers
-Global
Victims of disaster - ANS--May or may not survive. If survive, can have post event
problems, pain, depression, anxiety, can lead to PTSD or substance abuse or
disorder of depression and/or anxiety.
Professional rescuers experiencing disaster - ANS--High psychological stress-police,
firefighter, at higher risk for suicide
Biologic/psychological/social assessment in crisis situation - ANS--Develop rapport,
use therapeutic communication, assess, allow expression of feelings (theirs not
yours), to the disaster. Socially, assess type and severity, be aware of media (do
not help, increase anxiety of everyone). Know values and beliefs of the
community, and the extent of economic impact on jobs, homes, businesses,
places of worship, etc.
Interventions in crisis situation - ANS--Immediate, triage, treat injuries, safety, food,
clothing, shelter, and medical care. Use ABC's of crisis interventions.
A=arousal-calm them, provide safety, comfort, consolation
B=behavior- can be irrational and/or abnormal-assist in coping
C=cognition-assess reality testing, give facts and educate, which helps them to
cope
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
Assessments and nursing diagnoses of PTSD - ANS--Physical and psychological
assessment includes symptoms history and history of traumatic event(s)
-Physical and psychological assessment should ALWAYS include a complete
history (including sleep and baseline functioning in all areas). Note presence of
PTSD diagnostic criteria symptoms as above.
-Assess for suicide risk or harm to others (priority)
-Nursing problems: anxiety, sleep, flashbacks, irritability, social functioning,
occupation, substance use/abuse, violence potential, pain
Management and treatment outcomes for PTSD - ANS--Provide open non-
threatening environment
-Manage real or potential suicidal ideation
-Allow patient to discuss at their own pace- acknowledge and validate the
experience (this is standard of care for all patients who have undergone trauma)
-Help identify successful coping strategies (ACCENTUATE THE POSITIVE)
-CBT- many forms show effectiveness in treating PTSD
-Support animals
-Meditation, yoga, mindfulness
-Play therapy for children
-Group therapy
-Bibliotherapy
-Art (acting, drawing, painting, building...)
-Mindfulness exercises (deep breathing, imagery)
-Medications
Medications for PTSD - ANS--SSRI's
-Minipress (Prazosin)- antihypertensive useful in decreasing the nightmares
-Clonidine (Catapres)- for hyperarousal
-Propranolol (Inderal)- for hyperarousal and panic
-Midomafetamine (MDMA)- in Phase III trials- helps more symptoms with less
suicide risk than antidepressants- is a schedule I drug at the current time
Crisis - ANS--A time limited event that triggers adaptive or non-adaptive
responses to maturational, situational, or traumatic experiences. A crisis results
from stressful events for which coping mechanisms fail to provide adequate
adaptive skill to address the perceived challenge or threat.
Phases in the development of crisis - ANS--Stressors occur, causing a rise in
tension, use usual coping mechanisms
,-Coping mechanisms ineffective; increase in tension
-Emergency coping strategies are ineffective
-If no resolution, tension increases and major disorganization occurs
Types of crisis - ANS--Developmental
-Situational
-Traumatic
Developmental or maturational crisis - ANS--Normal part of growth and
development- allows the child/person to advance to the next stage. Ideally,
positive coping mechanisms are built providing a foundation for the next level.
-Examples: going to kindergarten, leaving home after graduation, having a baby
Situational crisis - ANS--A disruptive, unexpected event that occurs- can be bio,
psycho, and/or social and can be internal or external.
-Examples: car accident, disease, divorce, death, job loss
Traumatic crisis - ANS--Very unexpected or unusual event or events that involves
one or many persons
-Examples: earthquakes, tornados, terrorism attacks, tsunamis
Crisis intervention - ANS--Systematic application of problem-solving techniques,
based on crisis theory, designed to help the client move through the crisis
process as swiftly and as painlessly as possible and thereby achieve at least the
same level of psychological comfort as he or she experienced before the crisis
Goal for crisis intervention - ANS--Return the person to pre-crisis level of
functioning
Nurse's role in crisis intervention - ANS--Provide a framework of support systems
that guide the patient through the crisis and assist the development of positive
coping skills
Emergency care alert for crisis intervention - ANS--High risk for suicide or homicide.
Assess carefully, if present, MUST refer.
Biologic/psychological/social assessment for crisis situations - ANS--Physical care is
very important as crisis is physically exhausting
-Problems are common in eating and sleeping
-If person has previous physical or psychological problems, often see
reoccurences
-Social systems may be severely disrupted causing support problems- depends
on the crisis
-Assess their previous coping skills
-Assessment findings in crisis are tachycardia, tachypnea, increased
perspiration, nausea and vomiting, dilated pupils, shakiness, loss of control,
, disregard for safety, injury risk, screaming, aggression, disorientation,
depression crying
Biological/psychological/social interventions for crisis situations - ANS--Immediate are
to treat acute symptoms and provide for safety
-May medicate short-term for anxiety
-Example of medication would be benzodiazepine (less than 2 weeks) to allow
patient(s) to do what they must do (funeral arrangements, etc.)
-Do not give false reassurances. Clarify facts. Find and link support persons or
systems (personal or community)
Evaluation of interventions in crisis situation - ANS--Improved health and wellbeing
(person or community)
-Adequate social functioning, keep referral appointments, remain linked in, client
(person or community), supported
Phases of disaster - ANS--Pre-warning of disaster: may be none
-Disaster event occurs; rescuers often have the highest trauma
-Recuperative effort: healing resources, preventing complications. This can range
from individual, alcoholism, PTSD, to community disasters dealing with post
event problems (infection, lung problems, etc.)
types of disaster victims - ANS--Victims
-Professional rescuers
-Global
Victims of disaster - ANS--May or may not survive. If survive, can have post event
problems, pain, depression, anxiety, can lead to PTSD or substance abuse or
disorder of depression and/or anxiety.
Professional rescuers experiencing disaster - ANS--High psychological stress-police,
firefighter, at higher risk for suicide
Biologic/psychological/social assessment in crisis situation - ANS--Develop rapport,
use therapeutic communication, assess, allow expression of feelings (theirs not
yours), to the disaster. Socially, assess type and severity, be aware of media (do
not help, increase anxiety of everyone). Know values and beliefs of the
community, and the extent of economic impact on jobs, homes, businesses,
places of worship, etc.
Interventions in crisis situation - ANS--Immediate, triage, treat injuries, safety, food,
clothing, shelter, and medical care. Use ABC's of crisis interventions.
A=arousal-calm them, provide safety, comfort, consolation
B=behavior- can be irrational and/or abnormal-assist in coping
C=cognition-assess reality testing, give facts and educate, which helps them to
cope
