NR 546 Advanced Pathophysiology Final
Exam Questions and Answers
1. Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by
A. Interfering with the function of neurotransmitters
B. Inhibiting the production of myelin around nerves
C. Increasing the resting membrane potential
D. Altering the transport of potassium into the nerves: A
2. Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF)
compartment and the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment is
primarily a function of:
A. Osmotic Forces
B. Plasma Oncotic Pressure
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Hydrostatic forces: A
3. Two thirds of the body's water is found in its
a. Interstitial fluid spaces
b. Vascular system
c. Intracellular fluid compartments
d. Intraocular fluids: C
,4. A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-
containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab
value does the healthcare pro- fessional correlate to this behavior?
a. Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL
b. Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL
c. Sodium 149 mEq/L
d. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L: B
5. A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient
should the professional assess for hyperkalemia?
a. Hyperparathyroidism
b. Vomiting
c. Renal failure
d. Hyperaldosteronism: C
6. A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient
should the professional assess for hypermagnesemia as a priority?
a. Hepatitis
b. Renal failure
c. Trauma to the hypothalamus
d. Pancreatitis: B
,7. Cystic fibrosis is caused by what type of gene?
a. X-linked dominant
b. X-linked recessive
c. Autosomal dominant
d. Autosomal recessive: D
8. People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of
the con- dition because of which genetic principle?
a. Penetrance
b. Expressivity
c. Dominance
d. Recessiveness: B
9. What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a. Paternal nondisjunction
b. Maternal translocations
c. Maternal nondisjunction
d. Paternal translocation: C
10. What does activation of the classical pathway begin with?
a. Viruses
b. Antigen-antibody complexes
c. Mast cells
, d. Macrophages: B.
Activation of the classical pathway begins only with the activation of protein C1 and is preceded by the
formation of a complex between an antigen and an antibody to form an antigen-antibody complex
(immune complex). Infection with a virus can lead to the start of the inflammatory process, but is not the
specific activation factor. Mast cells release the contents of their granules to initiate synthesis of other
mediators of inflammation among other actions. Macrophages are one cell type involved in phagocytosis.
11. In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the
extrinsic pathways converge at which factor?
a. XII
b. VII
c. X
d. V: C. The coagulation cascade consists of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways that converge only at
factor X.
12. What effect does the process of histamine binding to the
histamine-2 (H2) receptor have on inflammation?
a. Inhibition
b. Activation
c. Acceleration
d. Termination: A. Binding histamine to the H2 receptor is generally antiinflammatory because it
results in the suppression of leukocyte function. Binding to H2 receptors does not cause activation,
acceleration, or termination of the inflammatory process.
Exam Questions and Answers
1. Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by
A. Interfering with the function of neurotransmitters
B. Inhibiting the production of myelin around nerves
C. Increasing the resting membrane potential
D. Altering the transport of potassium into the nerves: A
2. Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF)
compartment and the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment is
primarily a function of:
A. Osmotic Forces
B. Plasma Oncotic Pressure
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Hydrostatic forces: A
3. Two thirds of the body's water is found in its
a. Interstitial fluid spaces
b. Vascular system
c. Intracellular fluid compartments
d. Intraocular fluids: C
,4. A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-
containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab
value does the healthcare pro- fessional correlate to this behavior?
a. Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL
b. Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL
c. Sodium 149 mEq/L
d. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L: B
5. A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient
should the professional assess for hyperkalemia?
a. Hyperparathyroidism
b. Vomiting
c. Renal failure
d. Hyperaldosteronism: C
6. A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient
should the professional assess for hypermagnesemia as a priority?
a. Hepatitis
b. Renal failure
c. Trauma to the hypothalamus
d. Pancreatitis: B
,7. Cystic fibrosis is caused by what type of gene?
a. X-linked dominant
b. X-linked recessive
c. Autosomal dominant
d. Autosomal recessive: D
8. People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of
the con- dition because of which genetic principle?
a. Penetrance
b. Expressivity
c. Dominance
d. Recessiveness: B
9. What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a. Paternal nondisjunction
b. Maternal translocations
c. Maternal nondisjunction
d. Paternal translocation: C
10. What does activation of the classical pathway begin with?
a. Viruses
b. Antigen-antibody complexes
c. Mast cells
, d. Macrophages: B.
Activation of the classical pathway begins only with the activation of protein C1 and is preceded by the
formation of a complex between an antigen and an antibody to form an antigen-antibody complex
(immune complex). Infection with a virus can lead to the start of the inflammatory process, but is not the
specific activation factor. Mast cells release the contents of their granules to initiate synthesis of other
mediators of inflammation among other actions. Macrophages are one cell type involved in phagocytosis.
11. In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the
extrinsic pathways converge at which factor?
a. XII
b. VII
c. X
d. V: C. The coagulation cascade consists of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways that converge only at
factor X.
12. What effect does the process of histamine binding to the
histamine-2 (H2) receptor have on inflammation?
a. Inhibition
b. Activation
c. Acceleration
d. Termination: A. Binding histamine to the H2 receptor is generally antiinflammatory because it
results in the suppression of leukocyte function. Binding to H2 receptors does not cause activation,
acceleration, or termination of the inflammatory process.
