BIOL 252 Module 3
Alterations in Blood Pressure - ANS-Improvements in vascular characteristic at some point of
exercise
Heart is a muscle and workout will increase CO and BP
Exercise can lead to a more potent coronary heart (more mitochondria)
Tissue perfusion multiplied in the course of exercise
Arterial Blood Pressure - ANS-Systolic and diastolic
Pulse pressure
Mean arterial strain (MAP)
Arterial System Vessels - ANS-Carry blood away from coronary heart
Thicker partitions and more pressure
Elastic arteries: closest to coronary heart, >10mm, high elastic fibers, balk to go back to form,
pressure gradient, accomplishing
Muscular arteries: in addition, intima decreases and media increases, vasoconstriction, less
elastic fibers, distributes
Arteriole: small, lumen 30 qm, results in capillary, resistance vessels, BP drops, vascular tone
(moderate contraction)
Arteries of Abdominal Cavity - ANS-Unpaired branches = one
-celiac trunk: left gastric (stomach and esoph.), splenic (spleen, stomach, panc.), not unusual
hepatic (liver, gall., stom.)
-superior mesenteric: small intestine
-inferior mesenteric: distal colon and rectum
Paired branches = R + L
-inferior phrenic: inferior of diaphragm
-suprarenal: adrenal
-renal: kidneys
-gonadal: ovaries or testes
-lumbar: lumbar region, belly wall, spinal wire
Arteries of Upper Limb - ANS-1. Subclavian - blood to arm
2. Axillary - subclavian to armpit
3. Brachial - the front of higher arm, arm and forearm
4. Radial + ulnar - branch off brachial, forearm, hand, radial lateral, ulnar medial
five. Superficial + deep palmar arches - palm, digital artery branches
Autoregulatory Mechanisms for Blood Flow - ANS-Local, self-regulatory
, Allow every region to adjust blood glide as wished
Does no longer require nervous stimulation or endocrine control
Azygos System - ANS-Alternate direction for venous blood go back if inferior vena cava is
compromised
Azygos vein = stomach to lumbar veins, ascends through posterior mediastinum to right of
vertebral column
-drain blood from posterior intercostal, esophageal, brachial veins and provides to SVC
Hemiazygos vein = stomach draining, ascending lumbar veins on left and runs left of posterior
chest wall
-blood from esophageal veins and left intercostal veins
-joins azygos vein and return blood to brachiocephalic vein
Benefits of Exercise for Vascular Health - ANS-Reduced threat of plaque formation
Increased performance of blood transport
Decreased ldl cholesterol and reduced BP
Nonathlete at rest: SV = 60mL, HR = 83 bpm
Athlete at relaxation: SV = a hundred mL, HR = 53 bpm
Blood Flow - ANS-Movement through a blood vessel, tissue, organ
Volume of blood/unit of time
Starts with ventricular contraction
High strain to low stress
Resistance = any thing slowing fluid or resisting float
Form of hydrostatic pressure (stress exerted via fluid)
Blood Flow and Resistance - ANS-Peripheral resistance = resistance to float in peripheral
arterial machine (blood away from coronary heart)
Total peripheral resistance = resistance to glide (complete CV device)
Blood volume, viscosity, vessel duration, diameter (easiest and fastest to exchange), turbulence
Blood Flow and Volume - ANS-Increase V -> increase BP -> increase flow
Decrease V -> lower BP -> lower flow
Hypervolemia = excessive/too high, H2O or Na retention, HF, liver cirrhosis, kidney disorder
Hypovolemia = too low, now not noticed till >10-20%, immoderate bleeding, dehydration,
vomiting, excessive burns
Blood Flow in Brain - ANS-Cerebral autoregulation
Neurons need to have stead-country blood drift
BBB -> adjust passage of substances from blood to mind
Cerebral arterial circle - anastamosis, prevent interruption of blood flow, circle of willis
Blood Flow in Fetal Circulation - ANS-Foramen ovale: interatrial septum, blood from LA to RA,
bypass lungs, closes after delivery (fossa ovalis)
Alterations in Blood Pressure - ANS-Improvements in vascular characteristic at some point of
exercise
Heart is a muscle and workout will increase CO and BP
Exercise can lead to a more potent coronary heart (more mitochondria)
Tissue perfusion multiplied in the course of exercise
Arterial Blood Pressure - ANS-Systolic and diastolic
Pulse pressure
Mean arterial strain (MAP)
Arterial System Vessels - ANS-Carry blood away from coronary heart
Thicker partitions and more pressure
Elastic arteries: closest to coronary heart, >10mm, high elastic fibers, balk to go back to form,
pressure gradient, accomplishing
Muscular arteries: in addition, intima decreases and media increases, vasoconstriction, less
elastic fibers, distributes
Arteriole: small, lumen 30 qm, results in capillary, resistance vessels, BP drops, vascular tone
(moderate contraction)
Arteries of Abdominal Cavity - ANS-Unpaired branches = one
-celiac trunk: left gastric (stomach and esoph.), splenic (spleen, stomach, panc.), not unusual
hepatic (liver, gall., stom.)
-superior mesenteric: small intestine
-inferior mesenteric: distal colon and rectum
Paired branches = R + L
-inferior phrenic: inferior of diaphragm
-suprarenal: adrenal
-renal: kidneys
-gonadal: ovaries or testes
-lumbar: lumbar region, belly wall, spinal wire
Arteries of Upper Limb - ANS-1. Subclavian - blood to arm
2. Axillary - subclavian to armpit
3. Brachial - the front of higher arm, arm and forearm
4. Radial + ulnar - branch off brachial, forearm, hand, radial lateral, ulnar medial
five. Superficial + deep palmar arches - palm, digital artery branches
Autoregulatory Mechanisms for Blood Flow - ANS-Local, self-regulatory
, Allow every region to adjust blood glide as wished
Does no longer require nervous stimulation or endocrine control
Azygos System - ANS-Alternate direction for venous blood go back if inferior vena cava is
compromised
Azygos vein = stomach to lumbar veins, ascends through posterior mediastinum to right of
vertebral column
-drain blood from posterior intercostal, esophageal, brachial veins and provides to SVC
Hemiazygos vein = stomach draining, ascending lumbar veins on left and runs left of posterior
chest wall
-blood from esophageal veins and left intercostal veins
-joins azygos vein and return blood to brachiocephalic vein
Benefits of Exercise for Vascular Health - ANS-Reduced threat of plaque formation
Increased performance of blood transport
Decreased ldl cholesterol and reduced BP
Nonathlete at rest: SV = 60mL, HR = 83 bpm
Athlete at relaxation: SV = a hundred mL, HR = 53 bpm
Blood Flow - ANS-Movement through a blood vessel, tissue, organ
Volume of blood/unit of time
Starts with ventricular contraction
High strain to low stress
Resistance = any thing slowing fluid or resisting float
Form of hydrostatic pressure (stress exerted via fluid)
Blood Flow and Resistance - ANS-Peripheral resistance = resistance to float in peripheral
arterial machine (blood away from coronary heart)
Total peripheral resistance = resistance to glide (complete CV device)
Blood volume, viscosity, vessel duration, diameter (easiest and fastest to exchange), turbulence
Blood Flow and Volume - ANS-Increase V -> increase BP -> increase flow
Decrease V -> lower BP -> lower flow
Hypervolemia = excessive/too high, H2O or Na retention, HF, liver cirrhosis, kidney disorder
Hypovolemia = too low, now not noticed till >10-20%, immoderate bleeding, dehydration,
vomiting, excessive burns
Blood Flow in Brain - ANS-Cerebral autoregulation
Neurons need to have stead-country blood drift
BBB -> adjust passage of substances from blood to mind
Cerebral arterial circle - anastamosis, prevent interruption of blood flow, circle of willis
Blood Flow in Fetal Circulation - ANS-Foramen ovale: interatrial septum, blood from LA to RA,
bypass lungs, closes after delivery (fossa ovalis)
