HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWER can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, 99% accurate 4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard" measures P24 antigen can tes

NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH SOLUTIONS



Questiony1:yHeartyFailure



Ay72-year-
oldypatientywithychronicyheartyfailureypresentsywithyworseningyshortnessyofybreath,ybilateralyankle
yedema,yandyay3-kgyweightygainyoverytheypastyweek.




Whichyassessmentyfindingymostystronglyysuggestsyfluidyvolumeyoverload?



A.yBradycardia

B.yCracklesyatytheylungybases

C.yDryymucousymembranes

D.yHyperactiveybowelysounds



yCorrectyAnswer:yB.yCracklesyatytheylungybases



yRationale:

Fluidyaccumulationyinyheartyfailureycommonlyycausesypulmonaryycongestion,yproducingybibasilary
crackles.yRapidyweightygainyandyperipheralyedemayfurtherysupportyfluidyoverload.



yQuestiony2:yDiabetes

,Aypatientywithytypey2ydiabetesyhasyanyHbA1cyofy9.4%ydespiteytakingymedicationsyasyprescribed.



Whatydoesythisyresultyindicate?



A.yExcellentylong-termyglycemicycontrol

B.yFrequentyepisodesyofyhypoglycemia

C.yPooryaverageybloodyglucoseycontrolyoveryapproximatelyytheypasty2–3ymonths

D.yAylaboratoryyerror



CorrectyAnswer:yC
y




Rationale:
y




HbA1cyreflectsyaverageybloodyglucoseyoverytheypreviousy2–
3ymonths.yAnyHbA1cyofy9.4%yindicatesyglycemicycontrolyaboveyrecommendedytargetsyforymostyad
ults.



Questiony3:yEvidence-BasedyPractice
y




Aynurseyreviewsyseveralyrandomizedycontrolledytrialsybeforeyrecommendingyaychangeyinypatientyca
re.



Whichyevidenceylevelyisygenerallyyconsideredyamongytheystrongestyforydeterminingyinterventionye
ffectiveness?



A.yExpertyopinion

B.yCaseyreport

C.yRandomizedycontrolledytrial

, D.yCross-sectionalysurvey



CorrectyAnswer:yC
y




Rationale:
y



Well-designedyrandomizedycontrolledytrialsyreduceybiasyandyareyconsideredyhigh-
levelyevidenceyforyevaluatingyinterventions.



Questiony4:ySepsis
y




Aypatientyisyadmittedywithysuspectedysepsis.



Whichyassessmentyfindingyrequiresytheymostyurgentyattention?



A.yTemperatureyofy38.5°Cy(101.3°F)

B.yHeartyrateyofy108ybeats/min

C.yBloodypressureyofy82/48ymmHg

D.yRespiratoryyrateyofy24ybreaths/min



CorrectyAnswer:yC
y




Rationale:
y




Hypotensionyinysuspectedysepsisymayyindicateysepticyshockyandyinadequateytissueyperfusion,yrequ
iringyimmediateyevaluationyandytreatment.



Questiony5:yEthics
y