Final Exam) NR 601 Aging Chamberlain - Complete
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1. Which physiologic change in the aging kidney
predisposes an older adult to medication toxicity?
A. Increased glomerular filtration rate
B. Increased renal tubular secretion
C. Decreased renal blood flow and GFR
D. Increased renal mass
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: With aging, renal blood flow and GFR decline,
reducing drug excretion. A & D are false (GFR and mass
decrease). B is not the primary issue for toxicity.
2. The loss of which muscle property is most responsible
for sarcopenia?
A. Increased fast-twitch fibers
B. Decreased muscle protein synthesis
C. Increased satellite cell activity
D. Increased intracellular water
1
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sarcopenia results from decreased muscle
protein synthesis, not increased satellite cells or fast-twitch
fibers (which decline). Water content decreases.
3. An 80-year-old has a fever of 101°F with urosepsis.
Which atypical presentation is likely?
A. Delirium and confusion
B. Severe localized pain
C. High fever (>104°F)
D. Markedly elevated WBC >30,000
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Older adults often present with
delirium/confusion instead of classic fever or localized
pain. WBC may be normal or only mildly elevated.
4. Which skin change is a normal age-related finding?
A. Actinic keratosis
B. Seborrheic keratosis
2
,C. Malignant melanoma
D. Bullous pemphigoid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Seborrheic keratosis is benign and age-related.
Actinic keratosis is precancerous, others are pathologic.
5. Presbycusis primarily impairs hearing of:
A. Low-frequency sounds
B. High-frequency sounds
C. All frequencies equally
D. Only speech volume
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Presbycusis is high-frequency sensorineural
hearing loss, affecting consonant discrimination.
*(Questions 6–25 continue this pattern covering: reduced
hepatic metabolism, decreased thermoregulation,
postural hypotension, changes in lung function, vision
changes (presbyopia, cataracts, macular degeneration),
bone density changes, immune senescence,
3
, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, frailty definitions,
etc.)*
Section 2: Geriatric Syndromes & Falls (Questions 26–50)
26. An 85-year-old reports two falls in the past year but
no injury. What is the most appropriate next step?
A. Reassure that falls are normal with aging
B. Perform fall risk assessment (Get Up and Go,
orthostatics, medications)
C. Order an MRI brain
D. Prescribe a vitamin D supplement only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Any fall requires a multifactorial assessment.
Vitamin D alone is insufficient without risk factor
evaluation.
27. Which medication class most increases fall risk in
older adults?
A. Statins
4
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1. Which physiologic change in the aging kidney
predisposes an older adult to medication toxicity?
A. Increased glomerular filtration rate
B. Increased renal tubular secretion
C. Decreased renal blood flow and GFR
D. Increased renal mass
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: With aging, renal blood flow and GFR decline,
reducing drug excretion. A & D are false (GFR and mass
decrease). B is not the primary issue for toxicity.
2. The loss of which muscle property is most responsible
for sarcopenia?
A. Increased fast-twitch fibers
B. Decreased muscle protein synthesis
C. Increased satellite cell activity
D. Increased intracellular water
1
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sarcopenia results from decreased muscle
protein synthesis, not increased satellite cells or fast-twitch
fibers (which decline). Water content decreases.
3. An 80-year-old has a fever of 101°F with urosepsis.
Which atypical presentation is likely?
A. Delirium and confusion
B. Severe localized pain
C. High fever (>104°F)
D. Markedly elevated WBC >30,000
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Older adults often present with
delirium/confusion instead of classic fever or localized
pain. WBC may be normal or only mildly elevated.
4. Which skin change is a normal age-related finding?
A. Actinic keratosis
B. Seborrheic keratosis
2
,C. Malignant melanoma
D. Bullous pemphigoid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Seborrheic keratosis is benign and age-related.
Actinic keratosis is precancerous, others are pathologic.
5. Presbycusis primarily impairs hearing of:
A. Low-frequency sounds
B. High-frequency sounds
C. All frequencies equally
D. Only speech volume
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Presbycusis is high-frequency sensorineural
hearing loss, affecting consonant discrimination.
*(Questions 6–25 continue this pattern covering: reduced
hepatic metabolism, decreased thermoregulation,
postural hypotension, changes in lung function, vision
changes (presbyopia, cataracts, macular degeneration),
bone density changes, immune senescence,
3
, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, frailty definitions,
etc.)*
Section 2: Geriatric Syndromes & Falls (Questions 26–50)
26. An 85-year-old reports two falls in the past year but
no injury. What is the most appropriate next step?
A. Reassure that falls are normal with aging
B. Perform fall risk assessment (Get Up and Go,
orthostatics, medications)
C. Order an MRI brain
D. Prescribe a vitamin D supplement only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Any fall requires a multifactorial assessment.
Vitamin D alone is insufficient without risk factor
evaluation.
27. Which medication class most increases fall risk in
older adults?
A. Statins
4
