BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab | Final Exam
Review
200 Practice Questions with Answers and Explanations |
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Questions 1–50: Endocrine System
1. Which gland is known as the "master gland" of the endocrine system?
A) Thyroid gland
B) Adrenal gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Pineal gland
Answer: C) Pituitary gland
Explanation: The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because it produces hormones that
regulate the function of many other endocrine glands. It is located at the base of the brain and is
controlled by the hypothalamus.
2. Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary?
A) Growth hormone (GH)
B) Thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH)
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) Prolactin
Answer: C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
,Explanation: The posterior pituitary stores and releases ADH and oxytocin, which are actually produced
by the hypothalamus. ADH regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
3. The thyroid gland is located in which region of the body?
A) Abdominal cavity
B) Thoracic cavity
C) Neck, anterior to the trachea
D) Pelvic cavity
Answer: C) Neck, anterior to the trachea
Explanation: The thyroid gland is located in the neck, just below the larynx and anterior to the trachea. It
consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus.
4. Which hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla?
A) Cortisol
B) Aldosterone
C) Epinephrine
D) Androgens
Answer: C) Epinephrine
Explanation: The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine, which are
part of the body's "fight or flight" response. Cortisol and aldosterone are produced by the adrenal
cortex.
,5. What is the primary function of insulin?
A) Increase blood glucose levels
B) Decrease blood glucose levels
C) Increase blood calcium levels
D) Decrease blood calcium levels
Answer: B) Decrease blood glucose levels
Explanation: Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and promotes the uptake of glucose
into cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. It also stimulates glycogen synthesis in the liver.
6. Which condition results from hyposecretion of ADH?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Diabetes insipidus
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) Addison's disease
Answer: B) Diabetes insipidus
Explanation: Diabetes insipidus results from insufficient ADH production or release, leading to excessive
urination and thirst. It is distinct from diabetes mellitus, which involves insulin deficiency.
, 7. Which hormone stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?
A) ACTH
B) TSH
C) FSH
D) LH
Answer: A) ACTH
Explanation: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is released from the anterior pituitary and stimulates
the adrenal cortex to produce and release cortisol, a glucocorticoid involved in stress response.
8. The pineal gland produces which hormone?
A) Melatonin
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Oxytocin
Answer: A) Melatonin
Explanation: The pineal gland produces melatonin, which regulates sleepwake cycles (circadian
rhythms). Melatonin production increases in darkness and decreases in light.
9. Which of the following is a tropic hormone?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH)
Review
200 Practice Questions with Answers and Explanations |
Portage Learning | LockDown Browser
Questions 1–50: Endocrine System
1. Which gland is known as the "master gland" of the endocrine system?
A) Thyroid gland
B) Adrenal gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Pineal gland
Answer: C) Pituitary gland
Explanation: The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because it produces hormones that
regulate the function of many other endocrine glands. It is located at the base of the brain and is
controlled by the hypothalamus.
2. Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary?
A) Growth hormone (GH)
B) Thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH)
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) Prolactin
Answer: C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
,Explanation: The posterior pituitary stores and releases ADH and oxytocin, which are actually produced
by the hypothalamus. ADH regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
3. The thyroid gland is located in which region of the body?
A) Abdominal cavity
B) Thoracic cavity
C) Neck, anterior to the trachea
D) Pelvic cavity
Answer: C) Neck, anterior to the trachea
Explanation: The thyroid gland is located in the neck, just below the larynx and anterior to the trachea. It
consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus.
4. Which hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla?
A) Cortisol
B) Aldosterone
C) Epinephrine
D) Androgens
Answer: C) Epinephrine
Explanation: The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine, which are
part of the body's "fight or flight" response. Cortisol and aldosterone are produced by the adrenal
cortex.
,5. What is the primary function of insulin?
A) Increase blood glucose levels
B) Decrease blood glucose levels
C) Increase blood calcium levels
D) Decrease blood calcium levels
Answer: B) Decrease blood glucose levels
Explanation: Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and promotes the uptake of glucose
into cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. It also stimulates glycogen synthesis in the liver.
6. Which condition results from hyposecretion of ADH?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Diabetes insipidus
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) Addison's disease
Answer: B) Diabetes insipidus
Explanation: Diabetes insipidus results from insufficient ADH production or release, leading to excessive
urination and thirst. It is distinct from diabetes mellitus, which involves insulin deficiency.
, 7. Which hormone stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?
A) ACTH
B) TSH
C) FSH
D) LH
Answer: A) ACTH
Explanation: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is released from the anterior pituitary and stimulates
the adrenal cortex to produce and release cortisol, a glucocorticoid involved in stress response.
8. The pineal gland produces which hormone?
A) Melatonin
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Oxytocin
Answer: A) Melatonin
Explanation: The pineal gland produces melatonin, which regulates sleepwake cycles (circadian
rhythms). Melatonin production increases in darkness and decreases in light.
9. Which of the following is a tropic hormone?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH)
