TEST BANK
POTTER AND PERRY’S
CANADIAN FUNDAMENTALS OF
NURSING
,Table Of Contents
Unit I: Health And Health Care In Canada
1. Health And Wellness
2. The Canadian Health Care Delivery System
3. The Development Of Nursing In Canada
4. Community Health Nursing Practice
5. Practical Nursing In Canada
Unit Ii: Foundations Of Nursing Practice
6. Theoretical Foundations Of Nursing Practice
7. Critical Thinking In Nursing Practice
8. Evidence-Informed Practice
9. Nursing Values And Ethics
10. Legal Implications In Nursing Practice
11. Global And Planetary Health
12. Indigenous Health
13. Nursing Leadership And Collaborative Practice
Unit Iii: Approaches To Nursing Care
14. Nursing Assessment, Diagnosis, And Planning
15. Implementing And Evaluating Nursing Care
16. Documenting And Reporting
17. Nursing Informatics And Canadian Nursing Practice
Unit Iv: Working With Patients And Families
18. Communication And Relational Practice
19. Client-Centred Care: Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
20. Family Nursing
21. Patient Education
Unit V: Caring Throughout The Lifespan
22. Developmental Theories
23. Conception Through Adolescence
24. Young To Middle Adulthood
25. Older Persons
26. The Experience Of Loss, Death, And Grief
Unit Vi: Psychosocial Considerations
27. Self-Concept
28. Sex, Gender, And Sexuality
29. Spirituality In Health And Health Care
30. Stress And Adaptation
Unit Vii: Scientific Basis For Nursing Practice
31. Vital Signs
32. Pain Assessment And Management
33. Health Assessment And Physical Examination
34. Infection Control
35. Medication Administration And Management
36. Integrative Health Care
,Unit Viii: Basic Physiological Needs
37. Activity And Exercise
38. Quality And Patient Safety
39. Hygiene
40. Cardiopulmonary Functioning And Oxygenation
41. Fluid, Electrolyte, And Acid–Base Balances
42. Sleep
43. Nutrition
44. Urinary Elimination
45. Bowel Elimination
Unit Ix: Patients With Special Needs
46. Mobility And Immobility
47. Skin Integrity And Wound Care
48. Sensory Alterations
49. Care Of Surgical Patients
,7e
Chapter 1: Health and Wellness
Multiple Choice
1) The Nurse Is Using The Population Health Promotion Model To Develop Actions For
Improving Health. After Asking, “On What Should We Take Action?”; “How Should We
Take Action?”; And “Why Should We Take Action?” The Nurse Will Ask Which Of The
Following Questions?
a) “With Whom Should We Act?”
b) “When Should We Take Action?”
c) “Which Government Should Take Action?”
d) “Where Should We First Act?”
Answer: A
The Next Question To Ask When Using The Population Health Model Approach Is “With
Whom Should We Act?” The Other Choices Are Not Questions Included In This Model.
Dif: Apply Ref: 13 (Figure 1-5)
Objective: Contrast Distinguishing Features Of Health Promotion And Disease Prevention.
Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
2) The Principle “Health Promotion Is Multisectoral” Means Which Of The Following?
a) Relationships Between Individual, Social, And Environmental Factors Must
Be Recognized.
b) Physical, Mental, Social, Ecological, Cultural , And Spiritual Aspects Of Health
Must Be Recognized.
c) In Order To Change Unhealthy Living And Working Conditions, Areas Other Than
Health Must Also Be Involved.
d) Health Promotion Uses Knowledge From Disciplines Such As Social, Economic,
Political, Environmental, Medical, And Nursing Sciences, As Well As From
First-Hand Experience.
Answer: C
The Statement “Health Promotion Is Multisectoral” Is The Principle Explained By
The Necessity To Involve Areas Other Than Health In Order To Change Unhealthy
Living And Working Conditions.
Dif: Understand Ref: 11
Objective: Contrast Distinguishing Features Of Health Promotion And Disease
Prevention. Top: Planning Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And
Maintenance
3) According To The World Health Organization, What Is The Best Description Of “Health”?
a) Simply The Absence Of Disease.
b) Involving The Total Person And Environment.
c) Strictly Personal In Nature.
d) Status Of Pathological State.
Answer: B
1|Page
, Who Defines Health As “. . .The Extent To Which An Individual Or Group Is Able, On
The One Hand, To Realize Aspirations And Satisfy Needs; And, On The Other Hand, To
Change Or Cope With The Environment. Health Is, Therefore, Seen As A Resource For
Everyday Life, Not The Objective Of Living; It Is A Positive Concept Emphasizing Social
And Personal Resources, As Well As Physical Capacities.” Nurses’ Attitudes Toward
Health And Illness Should Consider The Total Person, As Well As The Environment In
Which The Person Lives. People Free Of Disease Are Not Equally Healthy. Views Of
Health Have Broadened To Include Mental, Social, And Spiritual Well-Being, As Well
As A Focus On Health At Family And Community Levels.
Conditions Of Life, Rather Than Pathological States, Are What Determine Health.
Dif: Knowledge Ref: 2
Objective: Discuss Ways That Definitions Of Health Have Been
Conceptualized. Top: Evaluate Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And
Maintenance
4) What Priority Strategy For Health Promotion In Canada Is Optional But Seen As
Important To Incorporate In Nursing Education Curricula?
a) Knowledge Of Disease Prevention.
b) Strategies For Health Promotion.
c) Policy Advocacy.
d) Concepts Of Determinants Of Health.
Answer: C
Increasingly, Policy Advocacy Is Incorporated Into Nursing Role Statements And Nursing
Education Curricula. Nurses Should Think About Policies That Have Contributed To
Health Problems, Policies That Would Help Alleviate Health Problems, And How Nurses
Champion Public Policies. Disease Prevention, Health Promotion, And Concepts Of
Determinants Of Health Are Integral Parts Of Nursing Curricula.
Dif: Understand Ref: 11| 12
Objective: Analyze How The Nature And Scope Of Nursing Practice Are Influenced
By Different Conceptualizations Of Health And Health Determinants. Top:
Planning Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
5) Which Of The Following Is A Prerequisite For Health, As Identified By The Ottawa
Charter For Health Promotion?
a) Education.
b) Social Support.
c) Self-Esteem.
d) Physical Environment.
Answer: A
Education Is One Of The Nine Prerequisites For Health That Were Identified In The
Ottawa Charter For Health Promotion. Lack Of Social Support And Low Self-Esteem
Were Identified As Psychosocial Risk Factors By Labonte (1993). Dangerous Physical
Environments Were Identified As Socioenvironmental Risk Factors By Labonte (1993).
Dif: Understand Ref: 4
Objective: Discuss
Contributions Of The Following Canadian Publications To Conceptualizations Of Health And
Health Determinants: Lalonde Report, Ottawa Charter, Epp Report, Strategies For Population
Health, Jakarta Declaration, Bangkok Charter, Toronto Charter. Top: Planning
Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
2|Page
,6) The Determinant Of Health With The Greatest Effect On The Health Of Canadians Is
Which Of The Following?
a) Education.
b) Health Services.
c) Social Support Networks.
d) Income And Social Status.
Answer: D
Income, Income Distribution, And Social Status Constitute The Greatest Determinant Of
Health Because They Influence Most Other Determinants. Some Investigators Suggest
That Literacy And Education Are Important Influences On Health Status Because They
Affect Many Other Health Determinants. Approximately 25% Of A Population’s Health
Status Is Attributed To The Quality Of Its Health Care Services. Social Support Affects
Health, Health Behaviours, And Health Care Utilization But Is Not The Greatest
Determinant Of Health.
Dif: Understand Ref: 6
Objective: Discuss Key Health Determinants And Their Interrelationships And How They
Influence Health. Top: Planning Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
7) A Paraplegic Patient In The Hospital For An Electrolyte Imbalance Is Receiving Care At
Which Prevention Level?
a) Primary Prevention Level.
b) Secondary Prevention Level.
c) Tertiary Prevention Level.
d) Health Promotion Level.
Answer: B
The Secondary Prevention Level Focuses On Early Detection Of Disease Once
Pathogenesis Has Occurred, So That Prompt Treatment Can Be Initiated To Halt Disease
And Limit Disability. The Primary Prevention Level Focuses On Health Promotion,
Specific Protection Measures Such As Immunizations, And The Reduction Of Risk
Factors Such As Smoking. The Tertiary Prevention Level Focuses On Minimizing
Residual Disability.
Dif: Apply Ref: 11
Objective: Contrast Distinguishing Features Of Health Promotion And Disease Prevention.
Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
8) The Nurse Incorporates Levels Of Prevention On The Basis Of Patient Needs And The Type Of
Nursing Care Provided. Which Of The Following Is An Example Of Tertiary Level Preventive
Caregiving?
a) Teaching A Patient How To Irrigate A New Temporary Colostomy.
b) Providing A Lesson On Hygiene For An Elementary School Class.
c) Informing A Patient That Immunizations For Her Infant Are Available Through The
Health Department.
d) Arranging For A Hospice Nurse To Visit With The Family Of A Patient With Cancer.
Answer: D
3|Page
, Tertiary Prevention Is Provided When A Defect Or Disability Is Permanent And
Irreversible. At This Level, The Hospice Nurse Aims To Help The Patient And His Or Her
Family To Achieve A High Level Of Function, Despite The Limitations Caused By The
Patient’s Illness. Teaching A Patient How To Irrigate A New Colostomy Is An Example
Of Secondary Prevention. If The Colostomy Is To Be Permanent, Care May Later Move
To The Tertiary Level Of Prevention.
Providing A Lesson On Hygiene For An Elementary School Class And Informing A
Patient About Available Immunizations Are Examples Of Primary Prevention.
Dif: Apply Ref: 11 Objective: Discuss The Three Levels Of Disease
Prevention. Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And
Maintenance
9) The Nurse Is Working On A Committee To Evaluate The Need For Increasing The Levels Of
Fluoride In The Drinking Water Of The Community. In Doing So, The Nurse Is Fostering
Which Concept?
a) Anticipatory Prevention.
b) Primary Prevention.
c) Secondary Prevention.
d) Tertiary Prevention.
Answer: B
Fluoridation Of Municipal Drinking Water And Fortification Of Homogenized Milk With
Vitamin D Are Examples Of Primary Prevention Strategies. With Active Strategies Of
Health Promotion, Individuals Are Motivated To Adopt Specific Health Programs Such
As Weight Reduction And Smoking Cessation Programs. “Anticipatory Prevention” Is
Not A Known Concept. Secondary Prevention Promotes Early Detection Of Disease
(E.G., Screening).
Tertiary Prevention Activities Are Initiated In The Convalescence Phase Of Disease.
Dif: Apply Ref: 11 Objective: Discuss The Three Levels Of Disease
Prevention. Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And
Maintenance
10) The Nurse Is Working In A Clinic That Is Designed To Provide Health
Education And Immunizations. As Such, This Clinic Focuses On Which Type
Of Prevention?
a) Primary Prevention.
b) Secondary Prevention.
c) Tertiary Prevention.
d) Diagnosis And Prompt Intervention.
Answer: A
Primary Prevention Precedes Disease Or Dysfunction And Is Applied To People
Considered Physically And Emotionally Healthy. Health Promotion Includes Health
Education Programs, Immunizations, And Physical And Nutritional Fitness Activities.
Secondary Prevention Focuses On Individuals Who Are Experiencing Health Problems Or
Illnesses And Who Are At Risk For Developing Complications Or Worsening Conditions;
Activities Are Directed At Diagnosis And Prompt Intervention. Tertiary Prevention Is
Provided When A Defect Or Disability Is Permanent And Irreversible. It Involves
Minimizing The Effects Of Long-Term Disease Or Disability Through Interventions
Directed At Preventing Complications And Deterioration.
Dif: Understand Ref: 11 Objective: Discuss The Three Levels Of Disease
Prevention. Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And
Maintenance
4|Page
,11) The Patient Is Admitted To The Emergency Department Of The Local Hospital From Home
With Reports Of Chest Discomfort And Shortness Of Breath. She Is Administered Oxygen
And Breathing Treatments, Laboratory Tests And Blood Gas Measurements Are Performed,
And Electrocardiography Is Conducted. What Level Of Preventive Care Is This Patient
Receiving?
a) Primary Prevention.
b) Secondary Prevention.
c) Tertiary Prevention.
d) Health Promotion.
Answer: B
Secondary Prevention Focuses On Individuals Who Are Experiencing Health Problems Or
Illnesses And Who Are At Risk For Developing Complications Or Worsening Conditions.
Activities Are Directed At Diagnosis And Prompt Intervention. Primary Prevention
Precedes Disease Or Dysfunction And Is Applied To People Considered Physically And
Emotionally Healthy. Health Promotion Includes Health Education Programs,
Immunizations, And Physical And Nutritional Fitness Activities. Tertiary Prevention Is
Provided When A Defect Or Disability Is Permanent And Irreversible. It Involves
Minimizing The Effects Of Long-Term Disease Or Disability Through Interventions
Directed At Preventing Complications And Deterioration.
Dif: Apply Ref: 11 Objective: Discuss The Three Levels Of Disease
Prevention. Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
12) A Patient Is Admitted To A Rehabilitation Facility After A Stroke. The Patient Has Right-
Sided Paralysis And Is Unable To Speak. The Patient Will Be Receiving Physiotherapy And
Speech Therapy. What Are These Examples Of?
a) Primary Prevention.
b) Secondary Prevention.
c) Tertiary Prevention.
d) Health Promotion.
Answer: C
Tertiary Prevention Is Provided When A Defect Or Disability Is Permanent And Irreversible. It
Involves Minimizing The Effects Of Long-Term Disease Or Disability Through Interventions
Directed At Preventing Complications And Deterioration. Secondary Prevention Focuses On
Individuals Who Are Experiencing Health Problems Or Illnesses, And Who Are At Risk For
Developing Complications Or Worsening Conditions. Activities Are Directed At Diagnosis
And Prompt Intervention. Primary Prevention Precedes Disease Or Dysfunction And Is
Applied To People Considered Physically And Emotionally Healthy. Health Promotion
Includes Health Education Programs, Immunizations, And Physical And Nutritional Fitness
Activities.
Dif: Apply Ref: 11 Objective: Discuss The Three Levels Of Disease
Prevention. Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And
Maintenance
13) Risk Factors Can Be Placed In The Following Interrelated Categories: Genetic And
Physiological Factors, Age, Physical Environment, And Lifestyle. The Presence Of Any Of
These Risk Factors Means Which Of The Following?
a) A Person With The Risk Factor Will Get The Disease.
b) The Chances Of Getting The Disease Are Increased.
c) The Disease Is Guaranteed Not To Develop If The Risk Factor Is Controlled.
d) Risk Modification Will Have No Effect On Disease Prevention.
5|Page
, Answer: B
The Presence Of Risk Factors Does Not Mean That A Disease Will Develop, But Risk
Factors Increase The Chances That The Individual Will Experience A Particular Disease Or
Dysfunction. Control Of Risk Factors Does Not Guarantee That A Disease Will Not
Develop. However, Risk Factor Identification Assists Patients In Visualizing Those Areas
In Life That Can Be Modified Or Even Eliminated To Promote Wellness And Prevent
Illness.
Dif: Knowledge Ref: 3
Objective: Identify Factors That Have Led To Each Approach To Health. Top:
Assessment Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
14) Since The Early 1990s, Which Group Has Had The Highest Amount Of
Absenteeism Of All Workers In Canada?
a) “White Collar Sector” Workers.
b) Nurses.
c) Workers In The Trades.
d) Transport And Equipment Operators.
Answer: B
There Is Considerable Concern Regarding Negative Workplace Conditions In The Health
Care Sector. Nurses Have Had The Highest Or Second-Highest Rate Of Absenteeism Of
All Workers In Canada Since The Early 1990s. Rates Of Absenteeism For The “White
Collar Sector,” For Workers In The Trades, And For Transport And Equipment Operators
Are Not Available.
Dif: Analyze Ref: 7
Objective: Analyze How The Nature And Scope Of Nursing Practice Are Influenced
By Different Conceptualizations Of Health And Health Determinants. Top:
Planning Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
15) Which Of The Following Is A True Statement About Nutrition In Canada, According
To The Research?
a) Canadians Have Increased Their Total Fat And Salt Consumption.
b) Canadians Report That Their Children Eat The Recommended Daily Number Of
Fruits And Vegetables.
c) Fifty Percent Of Children Aged 2 To 17 Years Are Overweight Or Obese.
d) The 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (Cchs) Revealed That 40% Of
Adult Canadians Were Obese (Body Mass Index Of 30 Or More) And 50% Were
Overweight.
Answer: A
One Quarter Of Canadians Overall, And One Third Of Teenagers Aged 14 To 18 Years,
Reported Eating At A Fast-Food Outlet The Previous Day; Such Foods Are High In Fats
And Salts. Seventy Percent Of Children Aged 4 To 8 Ate Fewer Than The Minimum
Servings Of Fruits And Vegetables Daily. Of Children Aged 2 To 17 Years, 26% Were
Overweight Or Obese, Not 50%. The 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (Cchs)
Revealed That 23% Of Adult Canadians Were Obese (Body Mass Index Of 30 Or More),
Not 40%, And 36% Were Overweight, Not 50%.
Dif: Apply Ref: 8| 9
Objective: Discuss Key Health Determinants And Their Interrelationships And How They
Influence Health. Top: Planning Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
6|Page
, 16) One Of The Five Health Promotion Strategies, As Identified By The Ottawa Charter For
Health Promotion, Is Which Of The Following?
a) Creating Supportive Environments.
b) Strengthening Educational Opportunities.
c) Developing A Medical Approach.
d) Minimizing Stressful Situations.
Answer: A
“Creating Supportive Environments” Is One Of The Five Broad Health Promotion
Strategies Identified By The Ottawa Charter For Health Promotion. The Other
Strategies Are Building Healthy Public Policy, Strengthening Community Action,
Developing Personal Skills, And Reorienting Health Services. “Strengthening
Educational Opportunities,” “Developing A Medical Approach,” And “Minimizing
Stressful Situations” Are Not Among The Five Strategies.
Dif: Apply Ref: 11| 12
Objective: Discuss
Contributions Of The Following Canadian Publications To Conceptualizations Of Health And
Health Determinants: Lalonde Report, Ottawa Charter, Epp Report, Strategies For Population
Health, Jakarta Declaration, Bangkok Charter, Toronto Charter. Top: Planning
Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
17) Which Of The Following Is An Example Of Tertiary Prevention?
a) Reduction Of Risk Factors, Such As Smoking.
b) Breast Self-Examination And Testicular Self-Examination.
c) Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs.
d) Blood Pressure Screening To Detect Hypertension.
Answer: C
Tertiary Prevention Activities Occur In The Convalescence Stage Of Disease And Are
Directed Toward Minimizing Residual Disability And Helping People To Live
Productively With Limitations. An Example Is A Cardiac Rehabilitation Program After A
Myocardial Infarction. Breast Self-Examination And Testicular Self-Examination Are
Examples Of Secondary Prevention, As Is Blood Pressure Screening To Detect
Hypertension. Reducing Risk Factors, Such As Smoking, Is An Example Of Primary
Prevention.
Dif: Understand Ref: 11 Objective: Describe The Three Levels Of Disease
Prevention. Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
18) When The Nurse Is Educating An Adult Patient About Health Promotion Activities, Which
Of The Following Is The Most Important Internal Patient Factor For The Nurse To
Consider?
a) Emotional Wellness.
b) Developmental Stage.
c) Professed Spirituality.
d) Levels Of Education And Literacy.
Answer: D
7|Page
POTTER AND PERRY’S
CANADIAN FUNDAMENTALS OF
NURSING
,Table Of Contents
Unit I: Health And Health Care In Canada
1. Health And Wellness
2. The Canadian Health Care Delivery System
3. The Development Of Nursing In Canada
4. Community Health Nursing Practice
5. Practical Nursing In Canada
Unit Ii: Foundations Of Nursing Practice
6. Theoretical Foundations Of Nursing Practice
7. Critical Thinking In Nursing Practice
8. Evidence-Informed Practice
9. Nursing Values And Ethics
10. Legal Implications In Nursing Practice
11. Global And Planetary Health
12. Indigenous Health
13. Nursing Leadership And Collaborative Practice
Unit Iii: Approaches To Nursing Care
14. Nursing Assessment, Diagnosis, And Planning
15. Implementing And Evaluating Nursing Care
16. Documenting And Reporting
17. Nursing Informatics And Canadian Nursing Practice
Unit Iv: Working With Patients And Families
18. Communication And Relational Practice
19. Client-Centred Care: Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
20. Family Nursing
21. Patient Education
Unit V: Caring Throughout The Lifespan
22. Developmental Theories
23. Conception Through Adolescence
24. Young To Middle Adulthood
25. Older Persons
26. The Experience Of Loss, Death, And Grief
Unit Vi: Psychosocial Considerations
27. Self-Concept
28. Sex, Gender, And Sexuality
29. Spirituality In Health And Health Care
30. Stress And Adaptation
Unit Vii: Scientific Basis For Nursing Practice
31. Vital Signs
32. Pain Assessment And Management
33. Health Assessment And Physical Examination
34. Infection Control
35. Medication Administration And Management
36. Integrative Health Care
,Unit Viii: Basic Physiological Needs
37. Activity And Exercise
38. Quality And Patient Safety
39. Hygiene
40. Cardiopulmonary Functioning And Oxygenation
41. Fluid, Electrolyte, And Acid–Base Balances
42. Sleep
43. Nutrition
44. Urinary Elimination
45. Bowel Elimination
Unit Ix: Patients With Special Needs
46. Mobility And Immobility
47. Skin Integrity And Wound Care
48. Sensory Alterations
49. Care Of Surgical Patients
,7e
Chapter 1: Health and Wellness
Multiple Choice
1) The Nurse Is Using The Population Health Promotion Model To Develop Actions For
Improving Health. After Asking, “On What Should We Take Action?”; “How Should We
Take Action?”; And “Why Should We Take Action?” The Nurse Will Ask Which Of The
Following Questions?
a) “With Whom Should We Act?”
b) “When Should We Take Action?”
c) “Which Government Should Take Action?”
d) “Where Should We First Act?”
Answer: A
The Next Question To Ask When Using The Population Health Model Approach Is “With
Whom Should We Act?” The Other Choices Are Not Questions Included In This Model.
Dif: Apply Ref: 13 (Figure 1-5)
Objective: Contrast Distinguishing Features Of Health Promotion And Disease Prevention.
Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
2) The Principle “Health Promotion Is Multisectoral” Means Which Of The Following?
a) Relationships Between Individual, Social, And Environmental Factors Must
Be Recognized.
b) Physical, Mental, Social, Ecological, Cultural , And Spiritual Aspects Of Health
Must Be Recognized.
c) In Order To Change Unhealthy Living And Working Conditions, Areas Other Than
Health Must Also Be Involved.
d) Health Promotion Uses Knowledge From Disciplines Such As Social, Economic,
Political, Environmental, Medical, And Nursing Sciences, As Well As From
First-Hand Experience.
Answer: C
The Statement “Health Promotion Is Multisectoral” Is The Principle Explained By
The Necessity To Involve Areas Other Than Health In Order To Change Unhealthy
Living And Working Conditions.
Dif: Understand Ref: 11
Objective: Contrast Distinguishing Features Of Health Promotion And Disease
Prevention. Top: Planning Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And
Maintenance
3) According To The World Health Organization, What Is The Best Description Of “Health”?
a) Simply The Absence Of Disease.
b) Involving The Total Person And Environment.
c) Strictly Personal In Nature.
d) Status Of Pathological State.
Answer: B
1|Page
, Who Defines Health As “. . .The Extent To Which An Individual Or Group Is Able, On
The One Hand, To Realize Aspirations And Satisfy Needs; And, On The Other Hand, To
Change Or Cope With The Environment. Health Is, Therefore, Seen As A Resource For
Everyday Life, Not The Objective Of Living; It Is A Positive Concept Emphasizing Social
And Personal Resources, As Well As Physical Capacities.” Nurses’ Attitudes Toward
Health And Illness Should Consider The Total Person, As Well As The Environment In
Which The Person Lives. People Free Of Disease Are Not Equally Healthy. Views Of
Health Have Broadened To Include Mental, Social, And Spiritual Well-Being, As Well
As A Focus On Health At Family And Community Levels.
Conditions Of Life, Rather Than Pathological States, Are What Determine Health.
Dif: Knowledge Ref: 2
Objective: Discuss Ways That Definitions Of Health Have Been
Conceptualized. Top: Evaluate Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And
Maintenance
4) What Priority Strategy For Health Promotion In Canada Is Optional But Seen As
Important To Incorporate In Nursing Education Curricula?
a) Knowledge Of Disease Prevention.
b) Strategies For Health Promotion.
c) Policy Advocacy.
d) Concepts Of Determinants Of Health.
Answer: C
Increasingly, Policy Advocacy Is Incorporated Into Nursing Role Statements And Nursing
Education Curricula. Nurses Should Think About Policies That Have Contributed To
Health Problems, Policies That Would Help Alleviate Health Problems, And How Nurses
Champion Public Policies. Disease Prevention, Health Promotion, And Concepts Of
Determinants Of Health Are Integral Parts Of Nursing Curricula.
Dif: Understand Ref: 11| 12
Objective: Analyze How The Nature And Scope Of Nursing Practice Are Influenced
By Different Conceptualizations Of Health And Health Determinants. Top:
Planning Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
5) Which Of The Following Is A Prerequisite For Health, As Identified By The Ottawa
Charter For Health Promotion?
a) Education.
b) Social Support.
c) Self-Esteem.
d) Physical Environment.
Answer: A
Education Is One Of The Nine Prerequisites For Health That Were Identified In The
Ottawa Charter For Health Promotion. Lack Of Social Support And Low Self-Esteem
Were Identified As Psychosocial Risk Factors By Labonte (1993). Dangerous Physical
Environments Were Identified As Socioenvironmental Risk Factors By Labonte (1993).
Dif: Understand Ref: 4
Objective: Discuss
Contributions Of The Following Canadian Publications To Conceptualizations Of Health And
Health Determinants: Lalonde Report, Ottawa Charter, Epp Report, Strategies For Population
Health, Jakarta Declaration, Bangkok Charter, Toronto Charter. Top: Planning
Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
2|Page
,6) The Determinant Of Health With The Greatest Effect On The Health Of Canadians Is
Which Of The Following?
a) Education.
b) Health Services.
c) Social Support Networks.
d) Income And Social Status.
Answer: D
Income, Income Distribution, And Social Status Constitute The Greatest Determinant Of
Health Because They Influence Most Other Determinants. Some Investigators Suggest
That Literacy And Education Are Important Influences On Health Status Because They
Affect Many Other Health Determinants. Approximately 25% Of A Population’s Health
Status Is Attributed To The Quality Of Its Health Care Services. Social Support Affects
Health, Health Behaviours, And Health Care Utilization But Is Not The Greatest
Determinant Of Health.
Dif: Understand Ref: 6
Objective: Discuss Key Health Determinants And Their Interrelationships And How They
Influence Health. Top: Planning Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
7) A Paraplegic Patient In The Hospital For An Electrolyte Imbalance Is Receiving Care At
Which Prevention Level?
a) Primary Prevention Level.
b) Secondary Prevention Level.
c) Tertiary Prevention Level.
d) Health Promotion Level.
Answer: B
The Secondary Prevention Level Focuses On Early Detection Of Disease Once
Pathogenesis Has Occurred, So That Prompt Treatment Can Be Initiated To Halt Disease
And Limit Disability. The Primary Prevention Level Focuses On Health Promotion,
Specific Protection Measures Such As Immunizations, And The Reduction Of Risk
Factors Such As Smoking. The Tertiary Prevention Level Focuses On Minimizing
Residual Disability.
Dif: Apply Ref: 11
Objective: Contrast Distinguishing Features Of Health Promotion And Disease Prevention.
Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
8) The Nurse Incorporates Levels Of Prevention On The Basis Of Patient Needs And The Type Of
Nursing Care Provided. Which Of The Following Is An Example Of Tertiary Level Preventive
Caregiving?
a) Teaching A Patient How To Irrigate A New Temporary Colostomy.
b) Providing A Lesson On Hygiene For An Elementary School Class.
c) Informing A Patient That Immunizations For Her Infant Are Available Through The
Health Department.
d) Arranging For A Hospice Nurse To Visit With The Family Of A Patient With Cancer.
Answer: D
3|Page
, Tertiary Prevention Is Provided When A Defect Or Disability Is Permanent And
Irreversible. At This Level, The Hospice Nurse Aims To Help The Patient And His Or Her
Family To Achieve A High Level Of Function, Despite The Limitations Caused By The
Patient’s Illness. Teaching A Patient How To Irrigate A New Colostomy Is An Example
Of Secondary Prevention. If The Colostomy Is To Be Permanent, Care May Later Move
To The Tertiary Level Of Prevention.
Providing A Lesson On Hygiene For An Elementary School Class And Informing A
Patient About Available Immunizations Are Examples Of Primary Prevention.
Dif: Apply Ref: 11 Objective: Discuss The Three Levels Of Disease
Prevention. Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And
Maintenance
9) The Nurse Is Working On A Committee To Evaluate The Need For Increasing The Levels Of
Fluoride In The Drinking Water Of The Community. In Doing So, The Nurse Is Fostering
Which Concept?
a) Anticipatory Prevention.
b) Primary Prevention.
c) Secondary Prevention.
d) Tertiary Prevention.
Answer: B
Fluoridation Of Municipal Drinking Water And Fortification Of Homogenized Milk With
Vitamin D Are Examples Of Primary Prevention Strategies. With Active Strategies Of
Health Promotion, Individuals Are Motivated To Adopt Specific Health Programs Such
As Weight Reduction And Smoking Cessation Programs. “Anticipatory Prevention” Is
Not A Known Concept. Secondary Prevention Promotes Early Detection Of Disease
(E.G., Screening).
Tertiary Prevention Activities Are Initiated In The Convalescence Phase Of Disease.
Dif: Apply Ref: 11 Objective: Discuss The Three Levels Of Disease
Prevention. Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And
Maintenance
10) The Nurse Is Working In A Clinic That Is Designed To Provide Health
Education And Immunizations. As Such, This Clinic Focuses On Which Type
Of Prevention?
a) Primary Prevention.
b) Secondary Prevention.
c) Tertiary Prevention.
d) Diagnosis And Prompt Intervention.
Answer: A
Primary Prevention Precedes Disease Or Dysfunction And Is Applied To People
Considered Physically And Emotionally Healthy. Health Promotion Includes Health
Education Programs, Immunizations, And Physical And Nutritional Fitness Activities.
Secondary Prevention Focuses On Individuals Who Are Experiencing Health Problems Or
Illnesses And Who Are At Risk For Developing Complications Or Worsening Conditions;
Activities Are Directed At Diagnosis And Prompt Intervention. Tertiary Prevention Is
Provided When A Defect Or Disability Is Permanent And Irreversible. It Involves
Minimizing The Effects Of Long-Term Disease Or Disability Through Interventions
Directed At Preventing Complications And Deterioration.
Dif: Understand Ref: 11 Objective: Discuss The Three Levels Of Disease
Prevention. Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And
Maintenance
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,11) The Patient Is Admitted To The Emergency Department Of The Local Hospital From Home
With Reports Of Chest Discomfort And Shortness Of Breath. She Is Administered Oxygen
And Breathing Treatments, Laboratory Tests And Blood Gas Measurements Are Performed,
And Electrocardiography Is Conducted. What Level Of Preventive Care Is This Patient
Receiving?
a) Primary Prevention.
b) Secondary Prevention.
c) Tertiary Prevention.
d) Health Promotion.
Answer: B
Secondary Prevention Focuses On Individuals Who Are Experiencing Health Problems Or
Illnesses And Who Are At Risk For Developing Complications Or Worsening Conditions.
Activities Are Directed At Diagnosis And Prompt Intervention. Primary Prevention
Precedes Disease Or Dysfunction And Is Applied To People Considered Physically And
Emotionally Healthy. Health Promotion Includes Health Education Programs,
Immunizations, And Physical And Nutritional Fitness Activities. Tertiary Prevention Is
Provided When A Defect Or Disability Is Permanent And Irreversible. It Involves
Minimizing The Effects Of Long-Term Disease Or Disability Through Interventions
Directed At Preventing Complications And Deterioration.
Dif: Apply Ref: 11 Objective: Discuss The Three Levels Of Disease
Prevention. Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
12) A Patient Is Admitted To A Rehabilitation Facility After A Stroke. The Patient Has Right-
Sided Paralysis And Is Unable To Speak. The Patient Will Be Receiving Physiotherapy And
Speech Therapy. What Are These Examples Of?
a) Primary Prevention.
b) Secondary Prevention.
c) Tertiary Prevention.
d) Health Promotion.
Answer: C
Tertiary Prevention Is Provided When A Defect Or Disability Is Permanent And Irreversible. It
Involves Minimizing The Effects Of Long-Term Disease Or Disability Through Interventions
Directed At Preventing Complications And Deterioration. Secondary Prevention Focuses On
Individuals Who Are Experiencing Health Problems Or Illnesses, And Who Are At Risk For
Developing Complications Or Worsening Conditions. Activities Are Directed At Diagnosis
And Prompt Intervention. Primary Prevention Precedes Disease Or Dysfunction And Is
Applied To People Considered Physically And Emotionally Healthy. Health Promotion
Includes Health Education Programs, Immunizations, And Physical And Nutritional Fitness
Activities.
Dif: Apply Ref: 11 Objective: Discuss The Three Levels Of Disease
Prevention. Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And
Maintenance
13) Risk Factors Can Be Placed In The Following Interrelated Categories: Genetic And
Physiological Factors, Age, Physical Environment, And Lifestyle. The Presence Of Any Of
These Risk Factors Means Which Of The Following?
a) A Person With The Risk Factor Will Get The Disease.
b) The Chances Of Getting The Disease Are Increased.
c) The Disease Is Guaranteed Not To Develop If The Risk Factor Is Controlled.
d) Risk Modification Will Have No Effect On Disease Prevention.
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, Answer: B
The Presence Of Risk Factors Does Not Mean That A Disease Will Develop, But Risk
Factors Increase The Chances That The Individual Will Experience A Particular Disease Or
Dysfunction. Control Of Risk Factors Does Not Guarantee That A Disease Will Not
Develop. However, Risk Factor Identification Assists Patients In Visualizing Those Areas
In Life That Can Be Modified Or Even Eliminated To Promote Wellness And Prevent
Illness.
Dif: Knowledge Ref: 3
Objective: Identify Factors That Have Led To Each Approach To Health. Top:
Assessment Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
14) Since The Early 1990s, Which Group Has Had The Highest Amount Of
Absenteeism Of All Workers In Canada?
a) “White Collar Sector” Workers.
b) Nurses.
c) Workers In The Trades.
d) Transport And Equipment Operators.
Answer: B
There Is Considerable Concern Regarding Negative Workplace Conditions In The Health
Care Sector. Nurses Have Had The Highest Or Second-Highest Rate Of Absenteeism Of
All Workers In Canada Since The Early 1990s. Rates Of Absenteeism For The “White
Collar Sector,” For Workers In The Trades, And For Transport And Equipment Operators
Are Not Available.
Dif: Analyze Ref: 7
Objective: Analyze How The Nature And Scope Of Nursing Practice Are Influenced
By Different Conceptualizations Of Health And Health Determinants. Top:
Planning Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
15) Which Of The Following Is A True Statement About Nutrition In Canada, According
To The Research?
a) Canadians Have Increased Their Total Fat And Salt Consumption.
b) Canadians Report That Their Children Eat The Recommended Daily Number Of
Fruits And Vegetables.
c) Fifty Percent Of Children Aged 2 To 17 Years Are Overweight Or Obese.
d) The 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (Cchs) Revealed That 40% Of
Adult Canadians Were Obese (Body Mass Index Of 30 Or More) And 50% Were
Overweight.
Answer: A
One Quarter Of Canadians Overall, And One Third Of Teenagers Aged 14 To 18 Years,
Reported Eating At A Fast-Food Outlet The Previous Day; Such Foods Are High In Fats
And Salts. Seventy Percent Of Children Aged 4 To 8 Ate Fewer Than The Minimum
Servings Of Fruits And Vegetables Daily. Of Children Aged 2 To 17 Years, 26% Were
Overweight Or Obese, Not 50%. The 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (Cchs)
Revealed That 23% Of Adult Canadians Were Obese (Body Mass Index Of 30 Or More),
Not 40%, And 36% Were Overweight, Not 50%.
Dif: Apply Ref: 8| 9
Objective: Discuss Key Health Determinants And Their Interrelationships And How They
Influence Health. Top: Planning Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
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, 16) One Of The Five Health Promotion Strategies, As Identified By The Ottawa Charter For
Health Promotion, Is Which Of The Following?
a) Creating Supportive Environments.
b) Strengthening Educational Opportunities.
c) Developing A Medical Approach.
d) Minimizing Stressful Situations.
Answer: A
“Creating Supportive Environments” Is One Of The Five Broad Health Promotion
Strategies Identified By The Ottawa Charter For Health Promotion. The Other
Strategies Are Building Healthy Public Policy, Strengthening Community Action,
Developing Personal Skills, And Reorienting Health Services. “Strengthening
Educational Opportunities,” “Developing A Medical Approach,” And “Minimizing
Stressful Situations” Are Not Among The Five Strategies.
Dif: Apply Ref: 11| 12
Objective: Discuss
Contributions Of The Following Canadian Publications To Conceptualizations Of Health And
Health Determinants: Lalonde Report, Ottawa Charter, Epp Report, Strategies For Population
Health, Jakarta Declaration, Bangkok Charter, Toronto Charter. Top: Planning
Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
17) Which Of The Following Is An Example Of Tertiary Prevention?
a) Reduction Of Risk Factors, Such As Smoking.
b) Breast Self-Examination And Testicular Self-Examination.
c) Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs.
d) Blood Pressure Screening To Detect Hypertension.
Answer: C
Tertiary Prevention Activities Occur In The Convalescence Stage Of Disease And Are
Directed Toward Minimizing Residual Disability And Helping People To Live
Productively With Limitations. An Example Is A Cardiac Rehabilitation Program After A
Myocardial Infarction. Breast Self-Examination And Testicular Self-Examination Are
Examples Of Secondary Prevention, As Is Blood Pressure Screening To Detect
Hypertension. Reducing Risk Factors, Such As Smoking, Is An Example Of Primary
Prevention.
Dif: Understand Ref: 11 Objective: Describe The Three Levels Of Disease
Prevention. Top: Implementation Msc: Nclex: Health Promotion And Maintenance
18) When The Nurse Is Educating An Adult Patient About Health Promotion Activities, Which
Of The Following Is The Most Important Internal Patient Factor For The Nurse To
Consider?
a) Emotional Wellness.
b) Developmental Stage.
c) Professed Spirituality.
d) Levels Of Education And Literacy.
Answer: D
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