ACS BIOCHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM | Actual Questions and Answers
Latest Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+)
Henderson-Hasselbach Equation - ✔✔pH = pKa + log ([A-] / [HA])
Salting Out (Purification) - ✔✔Changes soluble protein to solid precipitate. Protein precipitates when
the charges on the protein match the charges in the solution.
Size-Exclusion Chromatography - ✔✔Separates sample based on size with smaller molecules eluting
later.
Ion-Exchange Chromatography - ✔✔Separates sample based on charge. CM attracts +, DEAE attracts -.
May have repulsion effect on like charges. Salt or acid used to remove stuck proteins.
Affinity Chromatography - ✔✔Attach a ligand that binds a protein to a bead. Elute with harsh chemicals
or similar ligand.
SDS-PAGE - ✔✔Uses SDS. Gel is made from cross-linked polyacrylamide. Separates based off of mass
with smaller molecules moving faster. Visualized with Coomassie blue.
DTT (dithiothreitol) - ✔✔Reduces disulfide bonds.
Homologs - ✔✔Shares 25% identity with another gene
Orthologs - ✔✔Similar genes in different organisms
Paralogs - ✔✔Similar "paired" genes in the same organism
glycine - ✔✔gly, g
, alanine - ✔✔ala, a
leucine - ✔✔leu, l
isoleucine - ✔✔ile, i
Proline - ✔✔Pro, P
valine - ✔✔val, v
Methionine - ✔✔Met, M
Phenylalanine - ✔✔Phe, F
tyrosine - ✔✔tyr, y
tryptophan - ✔✔trp, w
Cystine - ✔✔cys, c
threonine - ✔✔Thr, T
serine - ✔✔Ser, S
asparagine - ✔✔asn, n
Glutamine - ✔✔Gln, Q
Latest Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+)
Henderson-Hasselbach Equation - ✔✔pH = pKa + log ([A-] / [HA])
Salting Out (Purification) - ✔✔Changes soluble protein to solid precipitate. Protein precipitates when
the charges on the protein match the charges in the solution.
Size-Exclusion Chromatography - ✔✔Separates sample based on size with smaller molecules eluting
later.
Ion-Exchange Chromatography - ✔✔Separates sample based on charge. CM attracts +, DEAE attracts -.
May have repulsion effect on like charges. Salt or acid used to remove stuck proteins.
Affinity Chromatography - ✔✔Attach a ligand that binds a protein to a bead. Elute with harsh chemicals
or similar ligand.
SDS-PAGE - ✔✔Uses SDS. Gel is made from cross-linked polyacrylamide. Separates based off of mass
with smaller molecules moving faster. Visualized with Coomassie blue.
DTT (dithiothreitol) - ✔✔Reduces disulfide bonds.
Homologs - ✔✔Shares 25% identity with another gene
Orthologs - ✔✔Similar genes in different organisms
Paralogs - ✔✔Similar "paired" genes in the same organism
glycine - ✔✔gly, g
, alanine - ✔✔ala, a
leucine - ✔✔leu, l
isoleucine - ✔✔ile, i
Proline - ✔✔Pro, P
valine - ✔✔val, v
Methionine - ✔✔Met, M
Phenylalanine - ✔✔Phe, F
tyrosine - ✔✔tyr, y
tryptophan - ✔✔trp, w
Cystine - ✔✔cys, c
threonine - ✔✔Thr, T
serine - ✔✔Ser, S
asparagine - ✔✔asn, n
Glutamine - ✔✔Gln, Q
