BATES HEENT Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
Primary headaches
-migraine
-tension
-cluster
-chronic daily headaches
Secondary headaches
-arise from underlying structural, systemic, or infectious causes
-meningitis
-subarachnoid hemorrhage
-may be life threatening
Thunderclap headaches
subarachnoid hemorrhage
-preceded by a sentinel leak headache from a vascular leak into the subarachnoid space
headache is severe and sudden onset: DDX:
subarachnoid hemorrhage
meningitis
episodic headaches that tend to peak over several hours
migraine
tension headache
new and persisting progressively severe headaches raise concerns for
,tumor
abscess
mass lesion
unilateral headache occurs in
migraine
cluster headaches
tension headaches often arise in the
temporal areas
N/V are common with migraine but also occur with
brain tumors
subarachnoid hemorrhage
sx: spark photopsias (flashes of light), fortifications (zig-zag arcs of light), scotomas
(areas of visual loss with surrounding normal vision)
migraine symptoms
valsalva maneuvers and leaning forward may increase pain from
acute sinusitis
genetic inheritance is how common with migraine
30-50%
difficulty with close work suggests
hyperopia (farsightedness)
presbyopia (aging vision)
, difficulty with distances
myopia (nearsightedness)
painless causes of unilateral vision loss
-vitreous hemorrhage from diabetes or trauma
-macular degeneration
-retinal detachment
-retinal vein occlusion
-central retinal artery occlusion
painful causes of unilateral vision loss
-corneal ulcer
-uveitis
-traumatic hyphema
-acute angle closure glaucoma
-optic neuritis
painless bilateral vision loss
vascular etiologies:
-giant-cell-arteritis
painful bilateral vision loss
chemical or radiation exposure
gradual vision loss arises from
cataracts or macular degeneration
Slow central vision loss
Answers
Primary headaches
-migraine
-tension
-cluster
-chronic daily headaches
Secondary headaches
-arise from underlying structural, systemic, or infectious causes
-meningitis
-subarachnoid hemorrhage
-may be life threatening
Thunderclap headaches
subarachnoid hemorrhage
-preceded by a sentinel leak headache from a vascular leak into the subarachnoid space
headache is severe and sudden onset: DDX:
subarachnoid hemorrhage
meningitis
episodic headaches that tend to peak over several hours
migraine
tension headache
new and persisting progressively severe headaches raise concerns for
,tumor
abscess
mass lesion
unilateral headache occurs in
migraine
cluster headaches
tension headaches often arise in the
temporal areas
N/V are common with migraine but also occur with
brain tumors
subarachnoid hemorrhage
sx: spark photopsias (flashes of light), fortifications (zig-zag arcs of light), scotomas
(areas of visual loss with surrounding normal vision)
migraine symptoms
valsalva maneuvers and leaning forward may increase pain from
acute sinusitis
genetic inheritance is how common with migraine
30-50%
difficulty with close work suggests
hyperopia (farsightedness)
presbyopia (aging vision)
, difficulty with distances
myopia (nearsightedness)
painless causes of unilateral vision loss
-vitreous hemorrhage from diabetes or trauma
-macular degeneration
-retinal detachment
-retinal vein occlusion
-central retinal artery occlusion
painful causes of unilateral vision loss
-corneal ulcer
-uveitis
-traumatic hyphema
-acute angle closure glaucoma
-optic neuritis
painless bilateral vision loss
vascular etiologies:
-giant-cell-arteritis
painful bilateral vision loss
chemical or radiation exposure
gradual vision loss arises from
cataracts or macular degeneration
Slow central vision loss
