NSG 3280 Exam 1 actual questions with verified answers 2026/2027
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1. What is pathophysiology?
A. Study of normal anatomy only
B. Study of altered physiologic functioning associated with disease
C. Study of medications only
D. Study of microorganisms only
Answer: B
Rationale: Pathophysiology examines functional changes that occur as a result of disease or
abnormal conditions.
2. What is etiology?
A. The cause or origin of a disease
B. The treatment of disease
C. The prognosis of disease
D. The patient's symptoms
Answer: A
Rationale: Etiology refers to the cause or causes of a disease.
3. What is pathogenesis?
A. The development and progression of disease
B. The treatment of disease
C. The patient's subjective complaint
D. The normal aging process
Answer: A
Rationale: Pathogenesis describes how a disease develops and progresses from its initial cause
to its manifestations.
4. Which is an example of a sign of disease?
A. Nausea reported by the patient
B. Fatigue reported by the patient
C. Elevated blood pressure measured by the nurse
D. Feeling dizzy
Answer: C
Rationale: A sign is an objective finding that can be observed or measured.
5. Which is an example of a symptom?
A. Temperature of 39°C
B. Blood pressure of 160/90 mmHg
C. Patient reports severe headache
D. Elevated white blood cell count
,Answer: C
Rationale: Symptoms are subjective experiences reported by the patient.
6. What is a risk factor?
A. A factor that increases susceptibility to disease
B. A confirmed diagnosis
C. A treatment intervention
D. A laboratory result
Answer: A
Rationale: Risk factors increase the likelihood that a person will develop a particular condition.
7. What does the term acute mean?
A. Developing suddenly or lasting a relatively short time
B. Always fatal
C. Present since birth
D. Developing over decades
Answer: A
Rationale: Acute conditions generally have rapid onset and/or relatively short duration.
8. What does chronic mean?
A. A condition that persists or develops over a prolonged period
B. A condition lasting only minutes
C. A condition caused only by infection
D. A condition that always resolves spontaneously
Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic diseases are generally persistent or long-term.
9. What is an idiopathic disease?
A. A disease with an unknown cause
B. A disease caused by bacteria
C. A hereditary disease
D. A disease caused by trauma
Answer: A
Rationale: Idiopathic means the specific cause is unknown.
10. What does congenital mean?
A. Present at birth
B. Acquired during adulthood
C. Caused by medication
D. Caused by infection after birth
, Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital conditions are present at birth, although they may not always be
diagnosed immediately.
11. What is homeostasis?
A. Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
B. Complete absence of disease
C. Permanent cellular growth
D. Breakdown of all body systems
Answer: A
Rationale: Homeostasis allows the body to maintain internal conditions within appropriate
ranges.
12. Which system is especially important in regulating homeostasis through rapid
communication?
A. Nervous system
B. Skeletal system
C. Integumentary system only
D. Reproductive system only
Answer: A
Rationale: The nervous system rapidly detects and responds to changes in the internal and
external environment.
13. Which system provides slower but longer-lasting chemical regulation?
A. Endocrine system
B. Skeletal system
C. Respiratory system
D. Muscular system
Answer: A
Rationale: Hormones released by endocrine glands regulate many long-term physiologic
processes.
14. What is negative feedback?
A. A response that counteracts the original change
B. A response that always worsens the original disturbance
C. Complete absence of regulation
D. Permanent cellular injury
Answer: A
Rationale: Negative feedback helps restore a variable toward its normal range.
15. Which is an example of negative feedback?
A. Increased body temperature triggering sweating
version/instant pdf
1. What is pathophysiology?
A. Study of normal anatomy only
B. Study of altered physiologic functioning associated with disease
C. Study of medications only
D. Study of microorganisms only
Answer: B
Rationale: Pathophysiology examines functional changes that occur as a result of disease or
abnormal conditions.
2. What is etiology?
A. The cause or origin of a disease
B. The treatment of disease
C. The prognosis of disease
D. The patient's symptoms
Answer: A
Rationale: Etiology refers to the cause or causes of a disease.
3. What is pathogenesis?
A. The development and progression of disease
B. The treatment of disease
C. The patient's subjective complaint
D. The normal aging process
Answer: A
Rationale: Pathogenesis describes how a disease develops and progresses from its initial cause
to its manifestations.
4. Which is an example of a sign of disease?
A. Nausea reported by the patient
B. Fatigue reported by the patient
C. Elevated blood pressure measured by the nurse
D. Feeling dizzy
Answer: C
Rationale: A sign is an objective finding that can be observed or measured.
5. Which is an example of a symptom?
A. Temperature of 39°C
B. Blood pressure of 160/90 mmHg
C. Patient reports severe headache
D. Elevated white blood cell count
,Answer: C
Rationale: Symptoms are subjective experiences reported by the patient.
6. What is a risk factor?
A. A factor that increases susceptibility to disease
B. A confirmed diagnosis
C. A treatment intervention
D. A laboratory result
Answer: A
Rationale: Risk factors increase the likelihood that a person will develop a particular condition.
7. What does the term acute mean?
A. Developing suddenly or lasting a relatively short time
B. Always fatal
C. Present since birth
D. Developing over decades
Answer: A
Rationale: Acute conditions generally have rapid onset and/or relatively short duration.
8. What does chronic mean?
A. A condition that persists or develops over a prolonged period
B. A condition lasting only minutes
C. A condition caused only by infection
D. A condition that always resolves spontaneously
Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic diseases are generally persistent or long-term.
9. What is an idiopathic disease?
A. A disease with an unknown cause
B. A disease caused by bacteria
C. A hereditary disease
D. A disease caused by trauma
Answer: A
Rationale: Idiopathic means the specific cause is unknown.
10. What does congenital mean?
A. Present at birth
B. Acquired during adulthood
C. Caused by medication
D. Caused by infection after birth
, Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital conditions are present at birth, although they may not always be
diagnosed immediately.
11. What is homeostasis?
A. Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
B. Complete absence of disease
C. Permanent cellular growth
D. Breakdown of all body systems
Answer: A
Rationale: Homeostasis allows the body to maintain internal conditions within appropriate
ranges.
12. Which system is especially important in regulating homeostasis through rapid
communication?
A. Nervous system
B. Skeletal system
C. Integumentary system only
D. Reproductive system only
Answer: A
Rationale: The nervous system rapidly detects and responds to changes in the internal and
external environment.
13. Which system provides slower but longer-lasting chemical regulation?
A. Endocrine system
B. Skeletal system
C. Respiratory system
D. Muscular system
Answer: A
Rationale: Hormones released by endocrine glands regulate many long-term physiologic
processes.
14. What is negative feedback?
A. A response that counteracts the original change
B. A response that always worsens the original disturbance
C. Complete absence of regulation
D. Permanent cellular injury
Answer: A
Rationale: Negative feedback helps restore a variable toward its normal range.
15. Which is an example of negative feedback?
A. Increased body temperature triggering sweating
