ANSC446 Exam 1 Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
Locus
The position on a chromosome occupied by a particular gene or other DNA sequence or
nucleotide
Codominance
Both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed in the phenotype
Codon
Three tandem nucleotides of DNA or RNA that code for an amino acid or translation stop signal
within a gene
Autosome
A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; in humans all nuclear chromosomes except the X
and Y chromosomes are autosomes; and in humans
the autosomes are diploid
Punnet square
Used by geneticists to show the probability of offspring having a particular genotype when two
individuals mate
Unit square
A square with all sides equaling one, which can be used to show frequencies of alleles and
genotypes in a population
Independent events example
In cards, getting an ace and getting a
diamond are independent events
, Mutually exclusive events example
A coin cannot come up tails and
heads at the same time
Transversion example
Adenine to Thymine
Transversion
Mutation from purine to pyrimidine or pyrimidine to purine
Transition
Mutation from purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine
Transition example
Adenine to Guanine
Ascertainment bias
Genetic markers chosen in one population for high diversity will tend to give a misleading signal
of low diversity in other populations
Type I error (alpha)
Rejecting the null hypothesis even though it is true
Four-fold degeneracy
An amino acid is encoded by four different codon
sequences (a codon is 3 bp of DNA within an exon that codes for an amino acid)
Gene
Unit of inheritance transmitted from parents to offspring
Alleles
The different forms of a gene (Aa - 2 diff alleles)
Answers
Locus
The position on a chromosome occupied by a particular gene or other DNA sequence or
nucleotide
Codominance
Both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed in the phenotype
Codon
Three tandem nucleotides of DNA or RNA that code for an amino acid or translation stop signal
within a gene
Autosome
A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; in humans all nuclear chromosomes except the X
and Y chromosomes are autosomes; and in humans
the autosomes are diploid
Punnet square
Used by geneticists to show the probability of offspring having a particular genotype when two
individuals mate
Unit square
A square with all sides equaling one, which can be used to show frequencies of alleles and
genotypes in a population
Independent events example
In cards, getting an ace and getting a
diamond are independent events
, Mutually exclusive events example
A coin cannot come up tails and
heads at the same time
Transversion example
Adenine to Thymine
Transversion
Mutation from purine to pyrimidine or pyrimidine to purine
Transition
Mutation from purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine
Transition example
Adenine to Guanine
Ascertainment bias
Genetic markers chosen in one population for high diversity will tend to give a misleading signal
of low diversity in other populations
Type I error (alpha)
Rejecting the null hypothesis even though it is true
Four-fold degeneracy
An amino acid is encoded by four different codon
sequences (a codon is 3 bp of DNA within an exon that codes for an amino acid)
Gene
Unit of inheritance transmitted from parents to offspring
Alleles
The different forms of a gene (Aa - 2 diff alleles)
